EBK BIOLOGY
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134819075
Author: Maier
Publisher: PEARSON CUSTOM PUB.(CONSIGNMENT)
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Chapter 12, Problem 5LTB
Summary Introduction
Introduction:
Darwinism is a theory of evolution, which states that all the species of organisms arise and develop through natural selection of inherited variations, which increases the ability to compete, survive and reproduce.
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Marginal fitness measures:
The average fitness of an allele across different genotypes
The average fitness of homozygotes
The probability that an individual survives to adulthood
The probability that an individual reproduces
The average fitness of all individuals in the population
The complete set of genetic information in all individuals within a population
allele frequency
genotype frequency
gene pool
relative fitness
According to Grimes model, which characteristics (life history traits) apply to individuals in the "Competitive" strategy?
Question 10 options:
The offspring have a high survival rate
All of these
They produce relatively few offspring
They are very mobile
They invest very little in their offspring
They have an older age of maturity
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- Which of the following are arguments against the expression "survival of the fittest"? Choose all that apply. (1, 2, 3, or 4 could be correct) "Fittest" implies absolute fitness, when relative fitness of one genotype compared to others is more important "Fittest" makes it sound like it is about physical fitness, when whether an individual reproduces may depend on other traits "Fittest" makes it sound like an individual will be fit in all environments, when in reality the same genotype may have different fitness in different environments Reproduction is more important than survival for transmitting genetic differences to progenyarrow_forwardWhich of the following BEST describes the relationship between genotype, phenotype, traits, and the environment? O Organisms acquire traits during their lifetime that alter their phenotype. This allows individuals to better adapt to their surroundings, and to pass on their phenotypes to their offspring regardless of their genes. An organism's phenotype is largely determined by its genes, or genotype. The relationship between an organism's phenotype and its environment determines the frequency of traits in a population. O The relationship between an organism's environment and its genotype determines the type of phenotype it will develop. Phenotypes are largely determined by the environment and organisms display traits that are unrelated to their genes.arrow_forwardwhat are the key concepts of the fitness? proper explanation and diagramarrow_forward
- A difference in survival and reproduction among members of a population that vary in one or more traits is called ________.arrow_forwardTrue or False: "Intelligence" is a good example of a quantitative traitarrow_forwardThe theory of kin selection (inclusive fitness) takes into account that an organism can pass on copies of its genes through the reproduction of close relatives. True or Falsearrow_forward
- Hardy Weinberg equilibrium in a population refers to Group of answer choices equal numbers of females and males. lack of mutations affecting the observed phenotypes. equal numbers of dominant and recessive alleles. unchanging allele frequencies in successive generations. proportional numbers of each genotype.arrow_forwardWrite the survivor rate for AA and Aa genotypes (write the answer in decimal numbers, not in fractions) Survivor rate of AA= Survivor rate of Aa= Write the absolute fitness for AA and Aa genotypes (write the answer including two decimal figures) Absolute fitness (W) of AA= Absolute fitness (W) of Aa= Write the relative fitness for AA and Aa genotypes (write the answer in decimal numbers, include two decimal figures) Relative fitness (w) of AA= Relative fitness (w) of Aa= asap please.arrow_forwardWhich of these individuals has the highest relative fitness? An individual that produces 999 offspring in a population where the average number of offspring is 1000 An individual that produces 5 offspring in a population where the average number of offspring is 1000 An individual that produces 5 offspring in a population where the average number of offspring is 4 An individual that produces no offspring, but has the highest muscle mass in populationarrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about the theories of senescence is correct? Question 2 options: The reason why organisms become old and decrepit is because an individual would often have accumulated too much energy in its lifetime in the form of fat reserve; therefore, an older individual often dies from old-age related diseases. An allele that shows its deleterious effect later in life will always have a smaller impact on an organism's fitness than an allele that shows its deleterious effect early in life. Therefore, late-acting deleterious mutations can be fixed in the population, resulting in shortened lifespans. The allele that can result in early reproduction will always be selected for, even if it comes with a cost of earlier senescence. Typically, for species that live fast would usually die young. None of the abovearrow_forwardWhat does it mean that an allele increases an organism's fitness? Choose one of the following: it increases the likelihood of that organism surviving and reproducing in their current environment it increases the health and strength of the organism it increases the likelihood of that organism surviving and reproducing in ANY environmentarrow_forwardPhenotypic plasticity is the ability of an individual organism to express two or more genetically controlled phenotypes in response to environmental variation. Give an example and give some reasons why organisms depend on phenotypic plasticity instead of maintaining all their systems in a maximum sate of readiness at all times.arrow_forward
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