EBK BIOLOGY
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780134819075
Author: Maier
Publisher: PEARSON CUSTOM PUB.(CONSIGNMENT)
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Chapter 12, Problem 1AAATB
Summary Introduction
To analyze:
The reason for the evolution of domesticated strawberries from their smaller and less sweet wild ancestors.
Introduction:
Natural selection can be defined as a differential reproduction and survival of individuals as a result of changes in
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One problem with this line of criticism is that it is difficult to distinguish good forms of manipulating nature from unacceptable ones. Some critics of GMOs argue that we ought to leave species as we find them, and that it is the cross-species transfers of genetic material involved in some GMOs that make them unacceptable.
One problem with this objection is that similar transfers have occurred in nature—from basic plant genetics to the long-term patterns of evolution.
Please explain what does it mean
Clausen and colleagues proposed two hypotheses to explain this variation within a species: (1) There are genetic differences between populations of plants found at different elevations. (2) The species has developmental flexibility and can assume tall or short growth forms, depending on local abiotic factors. If you had seeds from yarrow plants found at low and high elevations, what experiments would you perform to test these hypotheses?
Select the three experiments.
A) Using the information/image provided, why could the researchers rule out pollinator selection as a reason for flower color variation?
B) What must be true about the flowers in Boechera stricta?
A) Plants have both male and female flowers that are reproductively mature at the same time.
B) Plants have both male and female flowers that are reproductively mature at different times.
C) Plants produce either male or female flowers
C) If the scientists' hypothesis is true, what type of herbivore defense is flower pigmentation in this mustard?
either constitutive or inducible
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- (see image attached) a) In what ways are floral traits similar or different between hawkmoth and bat pollination syndromes b) In what ways are floral traits similar or different between bee and bat pollination syndromes c) Which pollinator shift is more likely to lead to reproductive isolation between populations that have the ancestral pollinator and populations that have bat pollinators? a) hawkmoth to bat b) bee to bat and why? / rationalearrow_forwardGenes control thousands of different traits in plants. These genes can be selected for during natural selection (which drives evolution) and artificial selection (which drives domestication of dogs, crops, etc). During the domestication of modern tomato, describe the traits that were and were not selected. In your own words, describe in 2-3 sentences why domesticated tomatoes bought at a grocery store are lackluster compared to heirlooms or wild tomatoes. What are a few genetic and non-genetic traits that control tomato flavor and taste?arrow_forwardWhat is a lethal allele? Would you expect most lethal alleles to be recessive (that is, only ll is fatal), or would you expect many of them to be dominant (LL and Ll are both fatal)? Do you think a plant carrying a dominant lethal allele would survive very long? Do you think such a plant could become abundant in the population?arrow_forward
- The flea beetle (P. nemorum) can survive on multiple types of plants, including radishes, eggplants and tomatoes. There is a dominant gene allele that allows P. nemorum to live on Bittercress (B. vulgaris). Radishes, eggplants and tomatoes all have some phenotypes that resist damage by P. nemorum and thus survive better. There are many different biological scenarios that can be modeled by PopG with the above information. Select alternative hypothesis that can be modeled by a one locus, two allele program like PopG. Select one or more: O A resistant-flea beetle allele in radishes will change its allele frequency in the presence of the flea beetle (P. nemorum). O Tomatoes and radishes will grow better without the flea beetle in the environment. O The Ballele allowing flea beetle (P. nemorum) growth on Bittercress, will become change its frequency in an environment with predominant Bittercress.arrow_forwardChoose an organism that is a product of artificial selection. Give a brief description of your organism and its desired traits. What wild ancestor did it come from? Was it produced with selective breeding or genetic engineering (i.e. genetically modified)? What are the benefits of artificial selection in this case? Are there potential negative consequences?arrow_forwardSome evening primrose plants (Oenothera biennis) produce seeds that are not palatable to their predators, the Mompha brevivitella moth, while other plants produce seeds that are eaten more often by the moths. Which of the following conditions is not required for natural selection to occur, with respect to the trait of seeds that are not palatable to the moth predator? In other words, which is not necessary for the adaptation of unpalatable seeds to increase in proportion in the population? (Choose one.) a)There is phenotypic variation in the population of plants. b)The variation in the palatability of the seeds is passed from generation to generation of plants. c)There is competition between the plants for limited resources. d)Plants with unpalatable seeds are more likely to reproduce than plants with seeds that are eaten by the moths.arrow_forward
- Evolution determines the change in inherited traits over time to ensure survival. There are three variants identified as Variant 1 with high reproductive rate, eats fruits and seeds; Variant 2, thick fur, produces toxins; and Variant 3 with thick fur, fast and resistant to disease. These variants are found in a cool, wet, and soil environment. In time 0 years with cool and wet environment, the population is 50,000 with 10,000 Variant 1, 15,000 Variant 2, and 25,000 of Variant 3. Two thousand years past, the environment remained the same with constant average temperature and rainfall. Variant 1 with a population of 26,000, Variant 2, 35,000, and Variant 3, 62,000. A disease spread throughout the population. However the population increased to 72,000. Determine the percentage increase in the population of the variants.arrow_forwardThere are four sterility alleles (S1, S2, S3, S4) in a population of pear trees (2N). How many different stigma genotypes are the pollen grains from a S2/S2 tree compatible with? A) 0 B) 1 C) 4 D) 6 E) 10arrow_forwardImagine that researchers are studying 2 populations of a hypothetical flowering plant, Darwinius beardii. Individual plants of population "A" grow to an average height of 25 cm, while those of population "B" average 40 cm. The flowers of population "A" are light purple and open in mid-April, while those of population "B" are dark purple with white spots and open in early May. These 2 populations are geographically separated by a large river, and geological and molecular genetic evidence suggests that they have been separated for at least 10 million years, during which time evolutionary divergence has occured. Yet, when individuals from each population are brought into the lab, they readily mate with individuals of the other population. Under which species concept(s) would the plants of the 2 populations be considered the SAME species? O A. Biological species concept O B. Phenetic species concept O C. Phylogenetic species concept O D. both the Phenetic and Phylogenetic species conceptsarrow_forward
- a) Explain how it can be the case that mutating a Homeobox containing gene has a large impact on the morphology of some trait, even though the evolution of that trait involved no changes in that gene. b) Explain how, even though they rarely change themselves, certain patterns of expression of Homeobox and MADS box containing genes facilitate morphological diversification in animals and plants.arrow_forwardIn biology, what do you think does the garden peas has as a good model for genetic studies? A.) Few offsprings per generation B.) Has several paired characteristics C.) Long generation time D.) Only capanble of self-fertilizationarrow_forwardImagine that the volcano on Mt. St. Helens erupts again. All life is removed from the side of the mountain and has to recolonize. Your first task as a geneticist for United States Forest Service is to estimate the frequency of the red allele in the lupine plants that colonize the site. You know that the lupine seeds came from a nearby population where the frequency of the red allele has consistently been approximately 0.2 for many generations. However, in the first year (i.e. first generation, before any local reproduction) on Mt. St. Helens, the red allele of this newly colonized population has a frequency of 0.9. What is the most likely explanation for this difference in allele frequency from the nearby population?arrow_forward
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