Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781133949640
Author: John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David Treichel
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 12, Problem 59IL
Potassium bromide has the same lattice structure as NaCl. Given the ionic radii of K+ (133 pm) and Br− (196 pm), calculate the density of KBr.
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Estimate the ionic radius of Cs+. The lattice energy of CsCl is 633 kJ/mol. For CsCl the Madelungconstant, M, is 1.763, and the Born exponent, n, is 10.7. The ionic radius of Cl– is known to be 1.81 Å
Calculate the lattice energy,U (in kJ), of the fictitious compound, MCl2, given the following information:
ΔHppt for MCl2 = 17.1 kJ/mol, ΔHhyd for M2+ = -450 kJ/mol, ΔHhyd for Cl- = -370 kJ/mol
Your answer should have 4 sig figs.
Using the following data, calculate the lattice energy of calcium chloride:
Ca2+(g) + 2Cl– (g) → CaCl2(s) ΔHlattice = ?
Sublimation enthalpy of calcium ΔH = 177.8 kJ/mol
First ionization energy of calcium ΔH = 590.2 kJ/mol
Second ionization energy of calcium ΔH = 1144.2 kJ/mol
First electron affinity of chlorine ΔH = –349 kJ/mol
Heat of formation of CaCl2(s) ΔH = –795.4 kJ/mol
Bond energy of Cl2 (see Table 2)
Use Hess’s law to calculate the lattice energy of calcium chloride. set-up must show all the chemical equations and you must show how their H values add up to give your answer.
Chapter 12 Solutions
Chemistry & Chemical Reactivity
Ch. 12.1 - (a) Determining an Atom Radius from Lattice...Ch. 12.1 - Prob. 1RCCh. 12.1 - Prob. 2RCCh. 12.2 - If an ionic solid has an fcc lattice of anions (X)...Ch. 12.2 - Potassium chloride has the same unit cell as NaCl....Ch. 12.2 - 1. The unit cell of silicon carbide. SiC is...Ch. 12.2 - If one edge of the silicon carbide unit cell is...Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 1QCh. 12.2 - Describe the unit cell of lithium (see Figure).Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 3Q
Ch. 12.2 - Prob. 4QCh. 12.3 - Prob. 1RCCh. 12.3 - Prob. 2RCCh. 12.3 - Prob. 3RCCh. 12.4 - Prob. 1RCCh. 12.5 - Prob. 1QCh. 12.5 - Prob. 2QCh. 12.5 - Prob. 3QCh. 12.5 - 1. Which of the following allotropes of carbon is...Ch. 12.5 - Prob. 2RCCh. 12.6 - Prob. 1RCCh. 12.6 - Suppose you wanted to cool 100. g of water from 20...Ch. 12.7 - Prob. 1RCCh. 12.7 - How many tin atoms are contained in the tetragonal...Ch. 12.7 - Prob. 2QCh. 12.7 - Prob. 3QCh. 12.7 - Prob. 4QCh. 12 - Outline a two-dimensional unit cell for the...Ch. 12 - Outline a two-dimensional unit cell for the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 3PSCh. 12 - Rutile, TiO2, crystallizes in a structure...Ch. 12 - Cuprite is a semiconductor. Oxide ions are at the...Ch. 12 - The mineral fluorite, which is composed of calcium...Ch. 12 - Calcium metal crystallizes in a face-centered...Ch. 12 - The density of copper metal is 8.95 g/cm3. If the...Ch. 12 - Potassium iodide has a face-centered cubic unit...Ch. 12 - A unit cell of cesium chloride is illustrated in...Ch. 12 - Predict the trend in lattice energy, from least...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12PSCh. 12 - To melt an ionic solid, energy must be supplied to...Ch. 12 - Which compound in each of the following pairs...Ch. 12 - Prob. 15PSCh. 12 - Prob. 16PSCh. 12 - Considering only the molecular orbitals formed by...Ch. 12 - Prob. 18PSCh. 12 - Prob. 19PSCh. 12 - Prob. 20PSCh. 12 - Prob. 21PSCh. 12 - Prob. 22PSCh. 12 - Prob. 23PSCh. 12 - Prob. 24PSCh. 12 - A diamond unit cell is shown here. Unit cell of...Ch. 12 - The structure of graphite is given in Figure...Ch. 12 - We have identified six types of solids (metallic,...Ch. 12 - Prob. 28PSCh. 12 - Classify each of the following materials as...Ch. 12 - Prob. 30PSCh. 12 - Benzene, C6H6, is an organic liquid that freezes...Ch. 12 - The specific heat capacity of silver is 0.235 J/g ...Ch. 12 - Prob. 33PSCh. 12 - Prob. 34PSCh. 12 - Prob. 35PSCh. 12 - If your air conditioner is more than several years...Ch. 12 - Sketch a phase diagram for O2 from the following...Ch. 12 - Tungsten crystallizes in the unit cell shown here....Ch. 12 - Silver crystallizes in a face-centered cubic unit...Ch. 12 - The unit cell shown here is for calcium carbide....Ch. 12 - The very dense metal iridium has a face-centered...Ch. 12 - Vanadium metal has a density of 6.11 g/cm3....Ch. 12 - Prob. 43GQCh. 12 - Prob. 44GQCh. 12 - Prob. 45GQCh. 12 - Consider the three types of cubic units cells. (a)...Ch. 12 - The solid-state structure of silicon is shown...Ch. 12 - The solid-state structure of silicon carbide is...Ch. 12 - Spinels are solids with the general formula AB2O4...Ch. 12 - Using the thermochemical data below and an...Ch. 12 - Prob. 51GQCh. 12 - Prob. 52GQCh. 12 - Prob. 53GQCh. 12 - Prob. 54GQCh. 12 - Prob. 55GQCh. 12 - Prob. 56GQCh. 12 - Like ZnS, lead(II) sulfide, PbS (commonly called...Ch. 12 - CaTiO3, a perovskite, has the structure below. (a)...Ch. 12 - Potassium bromide has the same lattice structure...Ch. 12 - Calculate the lattice energy of CaCl2 using a...Ch. 12 - Why is it not possible for a salt with the formula...Ch. 12 - Prob. 63SCQCh. 12 - Prob. 64SCQCh. 12 - Prob. 65SCQCh. 12 - Phase diagrams for materials that have allotropes...
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- Use principles of atomic structure to answer each of the following: (1] (a) The radius of the Ca atom is 197 pm; the radius of the Ca2* ion is 99 pm. Account for the difference. (b) The lattice energy of CaO(s) is –3460 kJ/mol; the lattice energy of K20 is –2240 kJ/mol. Account for the difference. (c) Given these ionization values, explain the difference between Ca and K with regard to their first and second ionization energies. Element First lonization Energy (kJ/mol) Second lonization Energy (kJ/mol) K 419 3050 Ca 590 1140 (d) The first ionization energy of Mg is 738 kJ/mol and that of Al is 578 kJ/mol. Account for this difference.arrow_forwardConsider the elements Li, K, Cl, C, Ne, and Ar. From this list, select the element that (a) is most electronegative, (b) has the greatest metallic character, (c) most readily forms a positive ion, (d) has the smallest atomic radius, (e) forms p bonds most readily, (f) has multiple allotropes.arrow_forwardDescribe the shape Independent units or lattice Ratio of Na+ to Cl-arrow_forward
- based on the following information calculate the approximate lattice energy of XCl2.X is 3x larger than Na+. The lattice energy for NaCl is 787kj/molearrow_forwardCalculate the lattice enthalpy for RbC1. You will need the following information: Species AfH°, kJ/mol Rb(g) RbCl(s) Cl(g) 80.9 - 435.4 121.3 Enthalpy of ionization for Rb(g) is 403.0 kJ/mol; electron attachment enthalpy for Cl(g) is −349.0 kJ/mol. Lattice enthalpy = kJ/molarrow_forwardThe attractive force between a pair of Sr2+ and O2- ions is 1.52 x 108 N and the ionic radius of O2- ions is 0.134 nm. Calculate the ionic radius of the Sr2+ ion. (Given: Electron charge, e = 1.6 x 101ºC, the permittivity of free space, Eo = 8.85 x 101ºC²N'm²)arrow_forward
- Chemistry just a brief answer, thanks.arrow_forwardConsider the elements Li, K, Cl, C, Ne, and Ar. From thislist, select the element that (a) is most electronegative,(b) has the greatest metallic character, (c) most readilyforms a positive ion, (d) has the smallest atomic radius,(e) forms π bonds most readily, (f) has multiple allotropes.arrow_forwardUse the Born-Haber cycle to calculate the lattice energy of KF. [The heat of sublimation of K is 91.6 kJ·mol−1 and ΔfH(KF) = −567.3 kJ·mol−1. Bond enthalpy for F2 is 158.8 kJ·mol−1. Other data may be found in the Ionization Energies Table and the Electron Affinities Table.]arrow_forward
- Calculate the lattice energy of NaCl(s) using the following thermodynamic data (all data is in kJ/mol). Note that the data given has been perturbed, so looking up the answer is probably not a good idea. Na(s) ΔHsublimation = 88 kJ/mol Na(g) Ionization energy = 476 kJ/mol Cl-Cl(g) Bond energy = 223 kJ/mol Cl(g) Electron affinity = -369 kJ/mol NaCl(s) ΔH°f = -431 kJ/mol ____________ kJ/molarrow_forwardAn ionic compound of formula XY2 (X = cation with two positive charges, Y = anion with one negative charge) has the following mass composition: Mg 10.9%, Cl 31.8%, O57.3%. (a) What is the chemical formula and name of the compound? (b) Give the most probable Lewis structure for the ions contained in the compound.arrow_forwardNaCl and KF have the same crystal structure. The only differencebetween the two is the distance that separates cationsand anions. (a) The lattice energies of NaCl and KF are givenin Table 8.1. Based on the lattice energies, would you expectthe Na¬Cl or the K¬F distance to be longer? (b) Use theionic radii given in Figure 7.8 to estimate the Na¬Cl andK¬F distances.arrow_forward
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