Introductory Statistics
1st Edition
ISBN: 9781938168208
Author: Barbara Illowsky, Susan Dean
Publisher: OpenStax College
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Textbook Question
Chapter 12, Problem 55P
The Sum of Squared Errors for a data set of 18 numbers is 49. What is the standard deviation?
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(c) Because logistic regression predicts probabilities of outcomes, observations used to build a logistic regression model need not be independent.
A. false: all observations must be independent
B. true
C. false: only observations with the same outcome need to be independent
I ANSWERED: A. false: all observations must be independent.
(This was marked wrong but I have no idea why. Isn't this a basic assumption of logistic regression)
Business discuss
Spam filters are built on principles similar to those used in logistic regression. We fit a probability that each message is spam or not spam. We have several variables for each email. Here are a few: to_multiple=1 if there are multiple recipients, winner=1 if the word 'winner' appears in the subject line, format=1 if the email is poorly formatted, re_subj=1 if "re" appears in the subject line. A logistic model was fit to a dataset with the following output:
Estimate
SE
Z
Pr(>|Z|)
(Intercept)
-0.8161
0.086
-9.4895
0
to_multiple
-2.5651
0.3052
-8.4047
0
winner
1.5801
0.3156
5.0067
0
format
-0.1528
0.1136
-1.3451
0.1786
re_subj
-2.8401
0.363
-7.824
0
(a) Write down the model using the coefficients from the model fit.log_odds(spam) = -0.8161 + -2.5651 + to_multiple + 1.5801 winner + -0.1528 format + -2.8401 re_subj(b) Suppose we have an observation where to_multiple=0, winner=1, format=0, and re_subj=0. What is the predicted probability that this message is spam?…
Chapter 12 Solutions
Introductory Statistics
Ch. 12 - Is the following an example of a linear equation?...Ch. 12 - Is the following an example of a linear equation?...Ch. 12 - Emma’s Extreme Sports hires hang-gliding...Ch. 12 - Ethan repairs household appliances like...Ch. 12 - Amelia plays basketball for her high school. She...Ch. 12 - SCUBA divers have maximum dive times they cannot...Ch. 12 - For a given line of best fit, you computed that r...Ch. 12 - For a given line of best fit, you compute that r =...Ch. 12 - For a given line of best fit, you compute that r =...Ch. 12 - For a given line of best fit, you compute that r =...
Ch. 12 - Data are collected on the relationship between the...Ch. 12 - Identify the potential outlier in the scatter...Ch. 12 - The data points for the graph from the third...Ch. 12 - The following table shows economic development...Ch. 12 - Linear Equations Use the following information to...Ch. 12 - Linear Equations Use the following information to...Ch. 12 - Linear Equations Use the following information to...Ch. 12 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 12 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 12 - Is the equation y=10+5x3x2 linear? Why or why not?Ch. 12 - Which of the following equations are linear? a....Ch. 12 - Does the graph show a linear equation? Why or why...Ch. 12 - Use the columns "year" and "# flu cases diagnosed....Ch. 12 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 12 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 12 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 12 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 12 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 12 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 12 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 12 - Does the scatter plot appear linear? Strong or...Ch. 12 - Does the scatter plot appear linear? Strong or...Ch. 12 - Does the scatter plot appear linear? Strong or...Ch. 12 - The Regression Equation Use the following...Ch. 12 - The Regression Equation Use the following...Ch. 12 - The Regression Equation Use the following...Ch. 12 - The Regression Equation Use the following...Ch. 12 - The Regression Equation Use the following...Ch. 12 - What does an r value of zero mean?Ch. 12 - When n = 2 and r = 1, are the data significant?...Ch. 12 - When n = 100 and r = -0.89, is there a significant...Ch. 12 - When testing the significance of the correlation...Ch. 12 - When testing the significance of the correlation...Ch. 12 - If the level of significance is 0.05 and the...Ch. 12 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 12 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 12 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 12 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 12 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 12 - Graph “year” versus “# flu cases diagnosed” (plot...Ch. 12 - Perform linear regression. What is the linear...Ch. 12 - Find the correlation coefficient. a. r = ________Ch. 12 - Solve. a. When x = 1985, y = _____ b. When x =...Ch. 12 - Does the line seem to fit the data? Why or why...Ch. 12 - What does the correlation imply about the...Ch. 12 - Plot the two given points on the following graph....Ch. 12 - Write the equation: y= ____________Ch. 12 - Hand draw a smooth curve on the graph that shows...Ch. 12 - Does the line seem to fit the data? Why or why...Ch. 12 - Do you think a linear fit is best? Why or why not?Ch. 12 - What does the correlation imply about the...Ch. 12 - Graph “year” vs. “# flu cases diagnosed.” Do not...Ch. 12 - Enter your data into your calculator or computer....Ch. 12 - Find the correlation coefficient. a. correlation =...Ch. 12 - Outliers Use the following information to answer...Ch. 12 - Outliers Use the following information to answer...Ch. 12 - Outliers Use the following information to answer...Ch. 12 - Outliers Use the following information to answer...Ch. 12 - The Sum of Squared Errors for a data set of 18...Ch. 12 - The Standard Deviation for the Sum of Squared...Ch. 12 - For each of the following situations, state the...Ch. 12 - Piece-rate systems are widely debated incentive...Ch. 12 - The Gross Domestic Product Purchasing Power Parity...Ch. 12 - The following table shows the poverty rates and...Ch. 12 - Does the higher cost of tuition translate into...Ch. 12 - If the level of significance is 0.05 and the...Ch. 12 - If there are 15 data points in a set of data, what...Ch. 12 - What is the process through which we can calculate...Ch. 12 - Explain what it means when a correlation has an r2...Ch. 12 - Can a coefficient of determination be negative?...Ch. 12 - Recently, the annual number of driver deaths per...Ch. 12 - Table 12.20 shows the life expectancy for an...Ch. 12 - The maximum discount value of the Entertainment®...Ch. 12 - Table 12.22 gives the gold medal times for every...Ch. 12 - State # letters in name Year entered the Union...Ch. 12 - The height (sidewalk to roof) of notable tall...Ch. 12 - Ornithologists, scientists who study birds, tag...Ch. 12 - The following table shows data on average per...Ch. 12 - The following table consists of one student...Ch. 12 - A researcher is investigating whether population...Ch. 12 - School Mid-Career Salary (in thousands) Yearly...Ch. 12 - The average number of people in a family that...Ch. 12 - The percent of female wage and salary workers who...Ch. 12 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 12 - Use the following information to answer the next...Ch. 12 - According to a flyer by a Prudential Insurance...Ch. 12 - The following are advertised sale prices of color...Ch. 12 - Table 12.34 shows the average heights for American...Ch. 12 - State # letters in name Year entered the Union...
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