Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Chapter 12, Problem 4VCQ
Figure 12.16 In pea plants, purple flowers (P) are dominant to white flowers (p) and yellow peas (Y) are dominant to green peas (y). What are the possible genotypes and
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Figure 8.10 In pea plants, purple flowers (P) are dominant to white (p), and yellow peas (Y) are dominant to green (y). What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes for a cross between PpYY and ppYy pea plants? How many squares would you need to complete a Punnett square analysis of this cross?
In pea plants, purple flowers (P) are dominant to white flowers (p) and yellow peas (Y) are dominant to green peas (y).
What are the possible genotypes and phenotypes for a cross between PpYY and ppYy pea plants?
How many squares do you need to do a Punnett square analysis of this cross?
In a cross involving independently assorting loci, the cross BBYY x bbyy (assume "B" and "Y" are dominant to "b" and "y," respectively) will yield all dihybrid offspring. When those offpspring are crossed, the result is usually a 9:3:3:1 phenotypic ratio.
But what if the locus "B" and "Y" did not sort independently (i.e., they were linked, at least partially)? It would mean "BY" and "by" are now more likely. How would this specifically affect the expected 9:3:3:1 ratio? To be more clear, which one of these numbers in the ratio (9, 3, 3, and/or 1) would be expected to decrease?
Question 3 options:
the 9 would decrease
both 3's would decrease
one of the 3's would decrease
the 1 would decrease
Chapter 12 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 12 - Figure 12.5 In pea plants, round peas (R) are...Ch. 12 - Figure 12.6 What are the genotypes of the...Ch. 12 - Figure 12.12 What ratio of offspring would result...Ch. 12 - Figure 12.16 In pea plants, purple flowers (P) are...Ch. 12 - Mendel performed hybridizations by transferring...Ch. 12 - Which is one of the seven characteristics that...Ch. 12 - Imagine you are performing a cross involving seed...Ch. 12 - Consider a cross to investigate the pea pod...Ch. 12 - A scientist pollinates a true-breeding pea plant...Ch. 12 - The observable traits expressed by an organism are...
Ch. 12 - A recessive trait will be observed in individuals...Ch. 12 - If black and white true-breeding mice are mated...Ch. 12 - The ABO blood groups in humans are expressed as...Ch. 12 - In a mating between two individuals that are...Ch. 12 - If the allele encoding polydactyly (six fingers)...Ch. 12 - A farmer raises black and white chickens. To his...Ch. 12 - Assuming no gene linkage, in a dihybrid cross of...Ch. 12 - The forked line and probability methods make use...Ch. 12 - How many different offspring genotypes are...Ch. 12 - Labrador retriever's fur color is controlled by...Ch. 12 - Which of the following situations does not follow...Ch. 12 - Describe one of the reasons why the garden pea was...Ch. 12 - How would you perform a reciprocal cross for the...Ch. 12 - Mendel performs a cross using a true-breeding pea...Ch. 12 - Calculate the probability of selecting a heart or...Ch. 12 - The gene for flower position in pea plants exists...Ch. 12 - Use a Punnett square to predict the offspring in a...Ch. 12 - Can a human male be a carrier of red-green color...Ch. 12 - Why is it more efficient to perform a test cross...Ch. 12 - Use the probability method to calculate the...Ch. 12 - Explain epistatis in terms of its Greek-language...Ch. 12 - In Section 12.3, ''Laws of Inheritance," an...Ch. 12 - People with trisomy 21 develop Down’s syndrome....Ch. 12 - A heterozygous pea plant produces violet flowers...
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- Individuals of genotype AaBb were mated to individuals of genotype aabb. One thousand offspring were counted, with the following results: 474 Aabb, 480 aaBb, 20 AaBb, and 26 aabb. What type of cross is it? Are these loci linked? What are the two parental classes and the two recombinant classes of offspring? What is the percentage of recombination between these two loci? How many map units apart are they?arrow_forwardYou want to determine whether genes a and b are linked. What cross would you use and why? How would this cross tell you if they are linked?arrow_forwardThe following pedigree shows the pattern of inheritance of red-green color blindness in a family. Females are shown as circles and males as squares; the squares or circles of individuals affected by the trait are filled in black. What is the chance that a son of the third-generation female indicated by the arrow will be color blind if the father is not color blind? If he is color blind?arrow_forward
- All crosses involve many more than one character. So far, only one character has been examined to help simplify the principles involved. Now, two pairs of alleles or two characters will be examined at the same time. In working the following problem, each pair of characteristics is on a different chromosome and will be inherited independently of the other (Principle of Independent Assortment). Problem 1: In garden peas, a homozygous recessive male plant with wrinkled, green seeds is crossed with a plant that is homozygous dominant for round, yellow seeds. Use this information to complete the following: Male phenotype= genotype= gametes= F2 phenotype= genotype = gametes= F, phenotype= F₁ genotype = Female Figure 12.10 Punnett Square for F₁ The F, genotype should be all RrYy. The gametes are formed from various combinations of these alleles. Each gamete must have one R and one Y. For example, the F, male gametes will be RY, Ry, rY, ry. Would the female gametes be the same as the male or…arrow_forwardTwo pure-breeding lines of petunia plants are crossed. Line 1 plants grow to a height of 54 cm, and Line 2 plants grow to a height of 18 cm. Petunia plant height is controlled by three genes, A, B and C. Line 1 has the genotype A₁A₁B₁B₁C₁C₁, and line 2 has the genotype A2A2B₂B₂C₂C₂. Assume that genotype alone determines plant height under ideal growth conditions and that the alleles of the three genes are additive. If the F1 plants are self crossed, what is the expected proportion of F2 plants with the genotype A₁A₁B₁B₁C₁C₁ 1/8 1/32 1/16 1/4 1/64arrow_forwardThe table below shows the results of different crosses between jimsonweed plants that had either purple or white flowers and spiny or smooth pods.arrow_forward
- In watermelons, bitter fruit (B) is dominant over sweet fruit (b), and yellow spots (S) are dominant over no spots (s). The genes for these two characteristics assort independently. A homozygous plant that has bitter fruit and yellow spots is crossed with a homozygous plant that has sweet fruit and no spots. The F1 are intercrossed to produce the F2. What will be the phenotypic ratios in the F2? 2. If an F1 plant is backcrossed with the bitter, yellow-spotted parent, what phenotypes and proportions are expected in the offspring? 3. If an F1 plant is backcrossed with the sweet, non-spotted parent, what phenotypes and proportions are expected in the offspring? 4. In cats, curled ears (Cu) result from an allele that is dominant over an allele for normal ears (cu). Black color results from an independently assorting allele (G) that is dominant over an allele for gray (g). A gray cat homozygous for curled ears is mated with a homozygous black cat with normal ears. All the F1…arrow_forwardYou are handed a mystery pea plant with tall stems and axial flowers and asked to determine its genotype as quickly as possible. You know that the allele for tall stems (T) is dominant to that for dwarf stems (t) and that the allele for axial flowers (A) is dominant to that for terminal flowers (a). Identify all the possible genotypes for your mystery plant. Describe the one cross you would do in your garden to determine the exact genotype of your mystery plant. While waiting for the results of your cross, you predict the results for each possible genotype listed in part a. Explain how you do this and why this is not called “performing a cross.” Explain how the results of your cross and your predictions will help you learn the genotype of your mystery plant. Question is also in the picture.arrow_forwardA cross was made between two pea plants, TtAa and Ttaa, whereT = tall, t = dwarf, A = axial, and a = terminal. What is the probability that the first three offspring will be tall with axial flowers or dwarf with terminal flowers and the fourth offspring will be tall with axial flowers? Discuss what operation(s) (e.g., product rule or binomial expansion equation) you used and in what order they were usedarrow_forward
- type P = n! (p)* (q)"* х! (n - х)! Practice Problem: You cross a true-breeding pea plant with red flowers to a true-breeding pea plant with white flowers. All of your offspring have red flowers. Which gene is dominant? Why? What is the genotype of your offspring? You then cross the offspring to each other. What ratio do you expect? Why? You count 1000 plants and look at their flowers. Your results are as follows: 740 red 260 white Does this follow a simple Mendelian inheritance pattern? Why or why not? DADT 2 MEA SUDI ND D LUT IONSarrow_forwardIn tomatoes, regular leaves (L) are multilobed and serrated and potato leaves (l) are broad, smooth, and single (Image 1). Red fruit (F) is dominant to yellow fruit (f). A cross is carried out between two pure lines of tomato plants, one having regular leaves and red fruit and the other having potato leaves and yellow fruit. The F1 generation all have regular leaves and red fruit. The F1 individuals are then crossed with one another. Complete a Punnett square to determine the expected F2 progeny on the basis of Mendel’s Law of Independent Assortment, which states that the alleles for one gene segregate independently of the alleles for other genes during gamete formation.arrow_forwardIn the pearl-millet plant, color is determined by three alleles at a single locus: Rp1 (red), Rp2 (purple), and rp (green). Red is dominant over purple and green, and purple is dominant over green (Rp1 > Rp2 > rp). Give the expected phenotypes and ratios of offspring produced by the following crosses. a. Rp1/ Rp2 × Rp1/ rp b. Rp1/ rp × Rp2/ rp c. Rp1/ Rp2 × Rp1/ Rp2 d. Rp2/ rp × rp/ rp e. rp/ rp × Rp1/ Rp2arrow_forward
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