(a) Interpretation: The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted. Concept Introduction: Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion. Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases. Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

Question

3.3 Consider the variation of molar Gibbs energy with pressure. 3.3.1 Write the mathematical expression for the slope of graph of molar Gibbs energy against 3.3.2 pressure at constant temperature. Draw in same diagram graphs showing variation with pressure of molar Gibbs energies of a substance in gaseous, liquid and solid forms at constant temperature. 3.3.3 Indicate in your graphs melting and boiling points. 3.3.4 Indicate for the respective phases the regions of relative stability.

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 47QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

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3.3 Consider the variation of molar Gibbs energy with pressure. 3.3.1 Write the mathematical expression for the slope of graph of molar Gibbs energy against 3.3.2 pressure at constant temperature. Draw in same diagram graphs showing variation with pressure of molar Gibbs energies of a substance in gaseous, liquid and solid forms at constant temperature. 3.3.3 Indicate in your graphs melting and boiling points. 3.3.4 Indicate for the respective phases the regions of relative stability.

In 2-chloropropane, the signal for the H on the C next to Cl should be split into how many peaks?

4.4 Consider as perfect gas 3.0 mol of argon gas to which 229 J of energy is supplied as heat at constant pressure and temperature increases by 2.55 K. Calculate 4.4.1 constant pressure molar heat capacity. 4.4.2 constant volume molar heat capacity.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 47QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 47QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 47QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

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Answer 5

Chapter 12, Problem 47QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

Answer 6

Chapter 12, Problem 47QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

Answer 7

Chapter 12, Problem 47QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted.

Concept Introduction:

Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds. The compound consists of the cation and anion. Cation is the positively charged ion and anion is negatively charged ion.

Cations are always smaller than the atoms from which they are formed because they have less number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the force of attraction between protons and electrons increases and due to this, size decreases.

Anions are always larger than the atoms from which they are formed because they have more number of electrons than the parent atom due to which the repulsion between the electron increases and the force of attraction between protons and electrons decreases and due to this, size increases.

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Solution Summary: The author explains that the species that is smaller between the pair given is to be predicted. Compounds formed up of ions are known as Ionic compounds.

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Chapter 12 Solutions