The meaning for an atom to be in an excited state and to be in its ground state is to be stated. The procedure by which an excited atom returns to its ground state is to be stated. The meaning of a photon is to be stated. The relation between the wavelength of light and the energy of the photons being emitted by an atom is to be stated. The relation between the energy of the photons being emitted by an atom and the energy changes that takes place within the atom is to be stated. Concept Introduction: The distribution of the electrons that exists in the atomic orbital of an atom is collectively known as electronic configuration. The description of every electron in an orbital is given by the electronic configuration of that atom. A photon always moves with a speed of light that is equal to 3 × 10 8 m/s .
The meaning for an atom to be in an excited state and to be in its ground state is to be stated. The procedure by which an excited atom returns to its ground state is to be stated. The meaning of a photon is to be stated. The relation between the wavelength of light and the energy of the photons being emitted by an atom is to be stated. The relation between the energy of the photons being emitted by an atom and the energy changes that takes place within the atom is to be stated. Concept Introduction: The distribution of the electrons that exists in the atomic orbital of an atom is collectively known as electronic configuration. The description of every electron in an orbital is given by the electronic configuration of that atom. A photon always moves with a speed of light that is equal to 3 × 10 8 m/s .
Solution Summary: The author explains the meaning of an atom in an excited state and in its ground state. The relation between the wavelength of light and the energy of the photons is to be stated.
The meaning for an atom to be in an excited state and to be in its ground state is to be stated. The procedure by which an excited atom returns to its ground state is to be stated. The meaning of a photon is to be stated. The relation between the wavelength of light and the energy of the photons being emitted by an atom is to be stated. The relation between the energy of the photons being emitted by an atom and the energy changes that takes place within the atom is to be stated.
Concept Introduction:
The distribution of the electrons that exists in the atomic orbital of an atom is collectively known as electronic configuration. The description of every electron in an orbital is given by the electronic configuration of that atom.
A photon always moves with a speed of light that is equal to 3×108m/s.
(a
4 shows scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of extruded
actions of packing bed for two capillary columns of different diameters,
al 750 (bottom image) and b) 30-μm-i.d. Both columns are packed with the
same stationary phase, spherical particles with 1-um diameter.
A) When the columns were prepared, the figure shows that the column with
the larger diameter has more packing irregularities. Explain this observation.
B) Predict what affect this should have on band broadening and discuss your
prediction using the van Deemter terms.
C) Does this figure support your explanations in application question 33?
Explain why or why not and make any changes in your answers in light of
this figure.
Figure 4 SEM images of
sections of packed columns
for a) 750 and b) 30-um-i.d.
capillary columns.³
fcrip
= ↓ bandwidth Il temp
32. What impact (increase, decrease, or no change) does each of the following conditions have on the individual
components of the van Deemter equation and consequently, band broadening?
Increase temperature
Longer column
Using a gas mobile phase
instead of liquid
Smaller particle stationary phase
Multiple Paths
Diffusion
Mass Transfer
34. Figure 3 shows Van Deemter plots for a solute molecule using different column inner diameters (i.d.).
A) Predict whether decreasing the column inner diameters increase or decrease bandwidth.
B) Predict which van Deemter equation coefficient (A, B, or C) has the greatest effect on increasing or
decreasing bandwidth as a function of i.d. and justify your answer.
Figure 3 Van Deemter plots for hydroquinone using different column inner diameters (i.d. in μm). The data was
obtained from liquid chromatography experiments using fused-silica capillary columns packed with 1.0-μm particles.
35
20
H(um)
큰 20
15
90
0+
1500
100
75
550
01
02
594
05
μ(cm/sec)
30
15
10
Chapter 12 Solutions
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