The channels of patch-clamp experiment in which electric current passes through the patch of membrane. Introduction: Using the patch-clamp technique, the sympathetic ganglion cells are studied under nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ion channels. Micro superfusion of the ion channels facilitates the flow through the micro electrode that is sealed with the cell membrane. The synchronous membrane polarization and depolarization cause influx of ions, which results in fluctuation of the current generated in the sympathetic ganglion cells between -70mV and 50mV. Thus, the fluctuating current source is initiated by the nicotine action of acetylcholine receptor ion channels.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 3Q

(A)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The channels of patch-clamp experiment in which electric current passes through the patch of membrane.

Introduction: Using the patch-clamp technique, the sympathetic ganglion cells are studied under nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ion channels. Micro superfusion of the ion channels facilitates the flow through the micro electrode that is sealed with the cell membrane. The synchronous membrane polarization and depolarization cause influx of ions, which results in fluctuation of the current generated in the sympathetic ganglion cells between -70mV and 50mV. Thus, the fluctuating current source is initiated by the nicotine action of acetylcholine receptor ion channels.

(B) (i)

Summary Introduction

To explain: What would be the effect on the recording if acetylcholine is omitted.

(B) (ii)

Summary Introduction

To explain: What would be the effect on the recording if acetylcholine is added to the solution outside the microelectrode.

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Question #3: In the KeyGene paper, the authors state that it would be useful if pollen from an apomict would transmit apomixis-inducing genes to the female in the cross (assuming the pollen is viable). Assuming there was just one gene conferring gametophytic obligate apomixis, and that the two parents are inbreds, what would be the consequences of such a cross if: a) The apomixis was a dominant trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the parental cross. b) The apomixis was a recessive trait? Indicate the genotypes and phenotypes (apomict or non- apomict) of the parents, F1 and F2 generations. Remember to include the expected genotypic and phenotypic ratios (or percentages) in the F1 and F2 generations, and to position the female first (left side) in the…

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 3Q

(A)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The channels of patch-clamp experiment in which electric current passes through the patch of membrane.

Introduction: Using the patch-clamp technique, the sympathetic ganglion cells are studied under nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ion channels. Micro superfusion of the ion channels facilitates the flow through the micro electrode that is sealed with the cell membrane. The synchronous membrane polarization and depolarization cause influx of ions, which results in fluctuation of the current generated in the sympathetic ganglion cells between -70mV and 50mV. Thus, the fluctuating current source is initiated by the nicotine action of acetylcholine receptor ion channels.

(B) (i)

Summary Introduction

To explain: What would be the effect on the recording if acetylcholine is omitted.

(B) (ii)

Summary Introduction

To explain: What would be the effect on the recording if acetylcholine is added to the solution outside the microelectrode.

Expert Solution & Answer

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See solution

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 3Q

(A)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The channels of patch-clamp experiment in which electric current passes through the patch of membrane.

Introduction: Using the patch-clamp technique, the sympathetic ganglion cells are studied under nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ion channels. Micro superfusion of the ion channels facilitates the flow through the micro electrode that is sealed with the cell membrane. The synchronous membrane polarization and depolarization cause influx of ions, which results in fluctuation of the current generated in the sympathetic ganglion cells between -70mV and 50mV. Thus, the fluctuating current source is initiated by the nicotine action of acetylcholine receptor ion channels.

(B) (i)

Summary Introduction

To explain: What would be the effect on the recording if acetylcholine is omitted.

(B) (ii)

Summary Introduction

To explain: What would be the effect on the recording if acetylcholine is added to the solution outside the microelectrode.

Expert Solution & Answer

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See solution

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 3Q

(A)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The channels of patch-clamp experiment in which electric current passes through the patch of membrane.

Introduction: Using the patch-clamp technique, the sympathetic ganglion cells are studied under nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ion channels. Micro superfusion of the ion channels facilitates the flow through the micro electrode that is sealed with the cell membrane. The synchronous membrane polarization and depolarization cause influx of ions, which results in fluctuation of the current generated in the sympathetic ganglion cells between -70mV and 50mV. Thus, the fluctuating current source is initiated by the nicotine action of acetylcholine receptor ion channels.

(B) (i)

Summary Introduction

To explain: What would be the effect on the recording if acetylcholine is omitted.

(B) (ii)

Summary Introduction

To explain: What would be the effect on the recording if acetylcholine is added to the solution outside the microelectrode.

Expert Solution & Answer

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See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 12, Problem 3Q

(A)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The channels of patch-clamp experiment in which electric current passes through the patch of membrane.

Introduction: Using the patch-clamp technique, the sympathetic ganglion cells are studied under nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ion channels. Micro superfusion of the ion channels facilitates the flow through the micro electrode that is sealed with the cell membrane. The synchronous membrane polarization and depolarization cause influx of ions, which results in fluctuation of the current generated in the sympathetic ganglion cells between -70mV and 50mV. Thus, the fluctuating current source is initiated by the nicotine action of acetylcholine receptor ion channels.

(B) (i)

Summary Introduction

To explain: What would be the effect on the recording if acetylcholine is omitted.

(B) (ii)

Summary Introduction

To explain: What would be the effect on the recording if acetylcholine is added to the solution outside the microelectrode.

Answer 6

Chapter 12, Problem 3Q

(A)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The channels of patch-clamp experiment in which electric current passes through the patch of membrane.

Introduction: Using the patch-clamp technique, the sympathetic ganglion cells are studied under nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ion channels. Micro superfusion of the ion channels facilitates the flow through the micro electrode that is sealed with the cell membrane. The synchronous membrane polarization and depolarization cause influx of ions, which results in fluctuation of the current generated in the sympathetic ganglion cells between -70mV and 50mV. Thus, the fluctuating current source is initiated by the nicotine action of acetylcholine receptor ion channels.

Answer 7

Chapter 12, Problem 3Q

(A)

Summary Introduction

To explain: The channels of patch-clamp experiment in which electric current passes through the patch of membrane.

Introduction: Using the patch-clamp technique, the sympathetic ganglion cells are studied under nicotinic acetylcholine receptor ion channels. Micro superfusion of the ion channels facilitates the flow through the micro electrode that is sealed with the cell membrane. The synchronous membrane polarization and depolarization cause influx of ions, which results in fluctuation of the current generated in the sympathetic ganglion cells between -70mV and 50mV. Thus, the fluctuating current source is initiated by the nicotine action of acetylcholine receptor ion channels.

Answer 8

(B) (i)

Summary Introduction

To explain: What would be the effect on the recording if acetylcholine is omitted.

Answer 9

(B) (i)

Summary Introduction

To explain: What would be the effect on the recording if acetylcholine is omitted.

Answer 10

(B) (ii)

Summary Introduction

To explain: What would be the effect on the recording if acetylcholine is added to the solution outside the microelectrode.

Answer 11

(B) (ii)

Summary Introduction

To explain: What would be the effect on the recording if acetylcholine is added to the solution outside the microelectrode.

Answer 12

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Answer 13

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 12 - Prob. 1Q Ch. 12 - Prob. 2Q Ch. 12 - Prob. 3Q Ch. 12 - Prob. 4Q Ch. 12 - Prob. 5Q Ch. 12 - Prob. 6Q Ch. 12 - Prob. 7Q Ch. 12 - Prob. 8Q Ch. 12 - Prob. 9Q Ch. 12 - Prob. 10Q

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To explain: What would be the effect on the recording if acetylcholine is omitted.

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