Chapter 12, Problem 37E

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The electron dot formula and structural formula for ${\text{CH}}_{\text{4}}$ molecule, is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The electron dot formula shows the valence electrons which form the bond between the atoms in a molecule. The electron pairs that are shared by the atoms are known as bonding electrons. The other electrons that are present in order to complete the octet are known as non-bonding electrons. The electron dot formula is also known as the Lewis structure.

Answer to Problem 37E

The electron dot formula for ${\text{CH}}_{\text{4}}$ molecule is shown below.

The structural formula for ${\text{CH}}_{\text{4}}$ molecule is shown below.

Explanation of Solution

The total number of valence electron in ${\text{CH}}_{\text{4}}$ molecule is the sum of valence electron of one carbon atom and four hydrogen atoms. The number of valence electron in each carbon atom is four. The number of valence electron in each hydrogen atom is one. Therefore, the total number of valence electron in ${\text{CH}}_{\text{4}}$ molecule is eight $\left(8e^{-}\right)$. The number of electron pair is four $\left(8/2=4\right)$. The electron dot formula for ${\text{CH}}_{\text{4}}$ molecule is shown below.

Figure 1

All electron pair are involved in bonding. Therefore, there is no lone pair. The structural formula for ${\text{CH}}_{\text{4}}$ molecule is shown below.

Figure 2

Conclusion

The electron dot formula for ${\text{CH}}_{\text{4}}$ molecule is shown in figure 1.

The structural formula for ${\text{CH}}_{\text{4}}$ molecule is shown in figure 2.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The electron dot formula and structural formula for ${\text{OF}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule, is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The electron dot formula shows the valence electrons which form the bond between the atoms in a molecule. The electron pairs that are shared by the atoms are known as bonding electrons. The other electrons that are present in order to complete the octet are known as non-bonding electrons. The electron dot formula is also known as the Lewis structure.

Answer to Problem 37E

The electron dot formula for ${\text{OF}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is shown below.

The structural formula for ${\text{OF}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is shown below.

Explanation of Solution

The total number of valence electron in ${\text{OF}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is the sum of valence electron of one oxygen atom and two fluorine atoms. The number of valence electron in each oxygen atom is six. The number of valence electron in each fluorine atom is seven. Therefore, the total number of valence electron in ${\text{OF}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is twenty $\left(20e^{-}\right)$. The number of electron pair is ten $\left(20/2=10\right)$. The electron dot formula for ${\text{OF}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is shown below.

Figure 3

Out of ten electron pairs, only two electron pairs are involved in bonding. Therefore, there are eight lone pairs. The structural formula for ${\text{OF}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is shown below.

Figure 4

Conclusion

The electron dot formula for ${\text{OF}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is shown in Figure 3.

The structural formula for ${\text{OF}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is shown in Figure 4.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The electron dot formula and structural formula for ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule, is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The electron dot formula shows the valence electrons which form the bond between the atoms in a molecule. The electron pairs that are shared by the atoms are known as bonding electrons. The other electrons that are present in order to complete the octet are known as non-bonding electrons. The electron dot formula is also known as the Lewis structure.

Answer to Problem 37E

The electron dot formula for ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is shown below.

The structural formula for ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is shown below.

Explanation of Solution

The total number of valence electron in ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is the sum of valence electron of two hydrogen atoms and two oxygen atoms. The number of valence electron in each oxygen atom is six. The number of valence electron in each hydrogen atom is one. Therefore, the total number of valence electron in ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is fourteen $\left(14e^{-}\right)$. The number of electron pair is seven $\left(14/2=7\right)$. The electron dot formula for ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is shown below.

Figure 5

Out of seven electron pairs, three electron pairs are involved in bonding. Therefore, there are four lone pairs. The structural formula for ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is shown below.

Figure 6

Conclusion

The electron dot formula for ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is shown in Figure 5.

The structural formula for ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}{\text{O}}_{\text{2}}$ molecule is shown in Figure 6.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

The electron dot formula and structural formula for ${\text{NF}}_{\text{3}}$ molecule, is to be stated.

Concept introduction:

The electron dot formula shows the valence electrons which form the bond between the atoms in a molecule. The electron pairs that are shared by the atoms are known as bonding electrons. The other electrons that are present in order to complete the octet are known as non-bonding electrons. The electron dot formula is also known as the Lewis structure.

Answer to Problem 37E

The electron dot formula for ${\text{NF}}_{\text{3}}$ molecule is shown below.

The structural formula for ${\text{NF}}_{\text{3}}$ molecule is shown below.

Explanation of Solution

The total number of valence electron in ${\text{NF}}_{\text{3}}$ molecule is the sum of valence electron of one nitrogen atom and three fluorine atoms. The number of valence electron in each nitrogen atom is five. The number of valence electron in each fluorine atom is seven. Therefore, the total number of valence electron in ${\text{NF}}_{\text{3}}$ molecule is twenty six $\left(26e^{-}\right)$. The number of electron pair is thirteen $\left(26/2=13\right)$. The electron dot formula for ${\text{NF}}_{\text{3}}$ molecule is shown below.

Figure 7

Out of thirteen electron pairs, only three electron pairs are involved in bonding. Therefore, there are ten lone pairs. The structural formula for ${\text{NF}}_{\text{3}}$ molecule is shown below.

Figure 8

Conclusion

The electron dot formula for ${\text{NF}}_{\text{3}}$ molecule is shown in Figure 7.

The structural formula for ${\text{NF}}_{\text{3}}$ molecule is shown in Figure 8.