Chapter 12, Problem 32P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The synthesis of each of the given compounds is to be shown and a retrosynthesis analysis for each reaction to be written.

Concept introduction:

Retrosynthesis is a technique in which the functional groups present in the product are used to predict the possible reactants by tracing the reaction in the backward direction.

Aldehydes can be formed from primary alcohols by mild oxidation using PCC, while ketones can be formed from secondary alcohols by using oxidants like chromic acid.

Alcohols react with phosphorus bromide to form alkyl bromides.

The Grignard reagent or RMgX is a reagent, which can be prepared from alkyl halide and magnesium in ether. It adds on the alkyl group to carbonyl moiety and converts aldehydes or ketones to alcohols. The reaction of cyanides with RMgX forms ketones. It reacts with carbon dioxide to form a carboxylic acid.