To determine the retrosynthetic analysis and synthesis of the following compounds. Concept introduction: Grignard reagents and organolithium compounds are strong bases. They will react with compounds containing hydrogen, attached to electronegative atoms like oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. They can be denoted as follows: Grignard reagent reactions with carbonyl groups are treated as acid–base reactions. Grignard reagents are strong bases. When a reaction between a strong base and strong acid occurs, weak acid and weak base are formed. The side of the reaction that has the weak acid and base is favored. Lithium aluminum hydride or sodium borohydride are used as reducing agents. Sodium borohydride is better for reducing aldehydes and ketones to their respective alcohols. Lithium aluminum hydride violently reacts with water, but sodium borohydride can be used in aqueous solutions or other organic solvents like methanol. Retrosynthetic analysis is backtracking the reactants in a series of reactions. For synthesis of a compound using Grignard reagents, we have to select the correct reagents, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, or esters. There might be multiple ways to synthesize the alcohol and depending on the availability of reagents, we can choose a specific method.

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Answer 1

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Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 12, Problem 10PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To determine the retrosynthetic analysis and synthesis of the following compounds.

Concept introduction:

Grignard reagents and organolithium compounds are strong bases. They will react with compounds containing hydrogen, attached to electronegative atoms like oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. They can be denoted as follows:

Grignard reagent reactions with carbonyl groups are treated as acid–base reactions. Grignard reagents are strong bases. When a reaction between a strong base and strong acid occurs, weak acid and weak base are formed. The side of the reaction that has the weak acid and base is favored.

Lithium aluminum hydride or sodium borohydride are used as reducing agents. Sodium borohydride is better for reducing aldehydes and ketones to their respective alcohols. Lithium aluminum hydride violently reacts with water, but sodium borohydride can be used in aqueous solutions or other organic solvents like methanol.

Retrosynthetic analysis is backtracking the reactants in a series of reactions. For synthesis of a compound using Grignard reagents, we have to select the correct reagents, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, or esters. There might be multiple ways to synthesize the alcohol and depending on the availability of reagents, we can choose a specific method.

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Propose stepwise mechanisms for the following reactions.

Answer 2

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 12, Problem 10PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To determine the retrosynthetic analysis and synthesis of the following compounds.

Concept introduction:

Grignard reagents and organolithium compounds are strong bases. They will react with compounds containing hydrogen, attached to electronegative atoms like oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. They can be denoted as follows:

Grignard reagent reactions with carbonyl groups are treated as acid–base reactions. Grignard reagents are strong bases. When a reaction between a strong base and strong acid occurs, weak acid and weak base are formed. The side of the reaction that has the weak acid and base is favored.

Lithium aluminum hydride or sodium borohydride are used as reducing agents. Sodium borohydride is better for reducing aldehydes and ketones to their respective alcohols. Lithium aluminum hydride violently reacts with water, but sodium borohydride can be used in aqueous solutions or other organic solvents like methanol.

Retrosynthetic analysis is backtracking the reactants in a series of reactions. For synthesis of a compound using Grignard reagents, we have to select the correct reagents, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, or esters. There might be multiple ways to synthesize the alcohol and depending on the availability of reagents, we can choose a specific method.

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 12, Problem 10PP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

To determine the retrosynthetic analysis and synthesis of the following compounds.

Concept introduction:

Grignard reagents and organolithium compounds are strong bases. They will react with compounds containing hydrogen, attached to electronegative atoms like oxygen, nitrogen, and sulfur. They can be denoted as follows:

Grignard reagent reactions with carbonyl groups are treated as acid–base reactions. Grignard reagents are strong bases. When a reaction between a strong base and strong acid occurs, weak acid and weak base are formed. The side of the reaction that has the weak acid and base is favored.

Lithium aluminum hydride or sodium borohydride are used as reducing agents. Sodium borohydride is better for reducing aldehydes and ketones to their respective alcohols. Lithium aluminum hydride violently reacts with water, but sodium borohydride can be used in aqueous solutions or other organic solvents like methanol.

Retrosynthetic analysis is backtracking the reactants in a series of reactions. For synthesis of a compound using Grignard reagents, we have to select the correct reagents, ethers, aldehydes, ketones, or esters. There might be multiple ways to synthesize the alcohol and depending on the availability of reagents, we can choose a specific method.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Organic compounds that have a carbonyl group, C=O, as their functional group. The carbonyl group in aldehydes is placed at the end of the molecular structure, which means the C=O is attached to one hydrogen atom and an alkyl group or a benzene ring. Just like all the other homologous series in organic chemistry, the naming of aldehydes uses the suffix “-al”. The general molecular formula is C n H 2n O.

Chapter 12, Problem 10PP

Interpretation Introduction