
Concept explainers
(a)
Interpretation:
The molecular formula for the given cycloalkane structure has to be found.
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are the important basis of life. They include gasoline, coal, dyes, and clothing fibers etc. The compounds that are obtained from living organisms are termed as organic compounds and those obtained from the earth are known as inorganic compounds. Organic compounds are found in earth also apart from living organisms. All the organic compounds contain the element carbon. Urea was synthesized in the laboratory which is an organic compound.
Hydrocarbons are the organic compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms. Hydrocarbon derivatives are the one in which the compounds contain hydrogen and carbon atoms along with one or more additional elements. The additional elements that can be present in hydrocarbon derivatives are oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine, bromine etc.
Hydrocarbons are further classified into two categories. They are saturated hydrocarbons and
Cycloalkanes are a class of saturated hydrocarbons that contain a ring of carbon atoms with or without alkyl substituents on it. The general molecular formula for cycloalkanes is
In a line-angle structural formula of cycloalkanes, the intersection of two lines represent a methylene group (
(a)

Answer to Problem 12.96EP
The molecular formula for the given cycloalkane is
Explanation of Solution
Given cycloalkane is,
The above structure is a line-angle structural formula representation. This structure has a total of five intersections. Therefore, the total number of carbon atoms present in the given structure is found to be five.
The molecular formula for the given cycloalkane can be found using the general molecular formula. General molecular formula for cycloalkane is
The molecular formula for the given cycloalkane is found to be
The molecular formula for the given cycloalkane is found out using the general molecular formula for cycloalkanes.
(b)
Interpretation:
The molecular formula for the given cycloalkane structure has to be found.
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are the important basis of life. They include gasoline, coal, dyes, and clothing fibers etc. The compounds that are obtained from living organisms are termed as organic compounds and those obtained from the earth are known as inorganic compounds. Organic compounds are found in earth also apart from living organisms. All the organic compounds contain the element carbon. Urea was synthesized in the laboratory which is an organic compound.
Hydrocarbons are the organic compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms. Hydrocarbon derivatives are the one in which the compounds contain hydrogen and carbon atoms along with one or more additional elements. The additional elements that can be present in hydrocarbon derivatives are oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine, bromine etc.
Hydrocarbons are further classified into two categories. They are saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons that contain single bonds between carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as saturated hydrocarbon. The hydrocarbons that contain atleast one double or triple bond between two carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as unsaturated hydrocarbon.
Cycloalkanes are a class of saturated hydrocarbons that contain a ring of carbon atoms with or without alkyl substituents on it. The general molecular formula for cycloalkanes is
In a line-angle structural formula of cycloalkanes, the intersection of two lines represent a methylene group (
(b)

Answer to Problem 12.96EP
The molecular formula for the given cycloalkane is
Explanation of Solution
Given cycloalkane is,
The above structure is a line-angle structural formula representation. This structure has a total of six intersections and two end lines. Therefore, the total number of carbon atoms present in the given structure is found to be eight.
The molecular formula for the given cycloalkane can be found using the general molecular formula. General molecular formula for cycloalkane is
The molecular formula for the given cycloalkane is found to be
The molecular formula for the given cycloalkane is found out using the general molecular formula for cycloalkanes.
(c)
Interpretation:
The molecular formula for the given cycloalkane structure has to be found.
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are the important basis of life. They include gasoline, coal, dyes, and clothing fibers etc. The compounds that are obtained from living organisms are termed as organic compounds and those obtained from the earth are known as inorganic compounds. Organic compounds are found in earth also apart from living organisms. All the organic compounds contain the element carbon. Urea was synthesized in the laboratory which is an organic compound.
Hydrocarbons are the organic compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms. Hydrocarbon derivatives are the one in which the compounds contain hydrogen and carbon atoms along with one or more additional elements. The additional elements that can be present in hydrocarbon derivatives are oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine, bromine etc.
Hydrocarbons are further classified into two categories. They are saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons that contain single bonds between carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as saturated hydrocarbon. The hydrocarbons that contain atleast one double or triple bond between two carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as unsaturated hydrocarbon.
Cycloalkanes are a class of saturated hydrocarbons that contain a ring of carbon atoms with or without alkyl substituents on it. The general molecular formula for cycloalkanes is
In a line-angle structural formula of cycloalkanes, the intersection of two lines represent a methylene group (
(c)

Answer to Problem 12.96EP
The molecular formula for the given cycloalkane is
Explanation of Solution
Given cycloalkane is,
The above structure is a line-angle structural formula representation. This structure has a total of six intersections and two end lines. Therefore, the total number of carbon atoms present in the given structure is found to be eight.
The molecular formula for the given cycloalkane can be found using the general molecular formula. General molecular formula for cycloalkane is
The molecular formula for the given cycloalkane is found to be
The molecular formula for the given cycloalkane is found out using the general molecular formula for cycloalkanes.
(d)
Interpretation:
The molecular formula for the given cycloalkane structure has to be found.
Concept Introduction:
Organic compounds are the important basis of life. They include gasoline, coal, dyes, and clothing fibers etc. The compounds that are obtained from living organisms are termed as organic compounds and those obtained from the earth are known as inorganic compounds. Organic compounds are found in earth also apart from living organisms. All the organic compounds contain the element carbon. Urea was synthesized in the laboratory which is an organic compound.
Hydrocarbons are the organic compounds that contain only hydrogen and carbon atoms. Hydrocarbon derivatives are the one in which the compounds contain hydrogen and carbon atoms along with one or more additional elements. The additional elements that can be present in hydrocarbon derivatives are oxygen, nitrogen, sulphur, chlorine, bromine etc.
Hydrocarbons are further classified into two categories. They are saturated hydrocarbons and unsaturated hydrocarbons. The hydrocarbons that contain single bonds between carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as saturated hydrocarbon. The hydrocarbons that contain atleast one double or triple bond between two carbon atoms in the entire molecule is known as unsaturated hydrocarbon.
Cycloalkanes are a class of saturated hydrocarbons that contain a ring of carbon atoms with or without alkyl substituents on it. The general molecular formula for cycloalkanes is
In a line-angle structural formula of cycloalkanes, the intersection of two lines represent a methylene group (
(d)

Answer to Problem 12.96EP
The molecular formula for the given cycloalkane is
Explanation of Solution
Given cycloalkane is,
The above structure is a line-angle structural formula representation. This structure has a total of six intersections and three end lines. Therefore, the total number of carbon atoms present in the given structure is found to be nine.
The molecular formula for the given cycloalkane can be found using the general molecular formula. General molecular formula for cycloalkane is
The molecular formula for the given cycloalkane is found to be
The molecular formula for the given cycloalkane is found out using the general molecular formula for cycloalkanes.
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Chapter 12 Solutions
GENERAL,ORGANIC,+BIO.CHEM.-MINDTAP
- For each reaction below, decide if the first stable organic product that forms in solution will create a new CC bond, and check the appropriate box. Next, for each reaction to which you answered "Yes" to in the table, draw this product in the drawing area below. Note for advanced students: for this problem, don't worry if you think this product will continue to react under the current conditions - just focus on the first stable product you expect to form in solution. ? NH2 MgBr Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? ○ Yes ○ No MgBr ? Will the first product that forms in this reaction create a new CC bond? O Yes O No Click and drag to start drawing a structure. :☐ G x c olo Ar HEarrow_forwardPredicting As the lead product manager at OrganometALEKS Industries, you are trying to decide if the following reaction will make a molecule with a new C - C bond as its major product: H₂N O H 1. ? 2. H3O+ If this reaction will work, draw the major organic product or products you would expect in the drawing area below. If there's more than one major product, you can draw them in any arrangement you like. Be sure you use wedge and dash bonds if necessary, for example to distinguish between major products with different stereochemistry. 0 If the major products of this reaction won't have a new CC bond, just check the box under the drawing area and leave it blank. فا Explanation Check Click and drag to start drawing a structure.arrow_forwardHighlight the chirality (or stereogenic) center(s) in the given compound. A compound may have one or more stereogenic centers. OH OH OH OH OH OHarrow_forward
- Using wedge-and-dash bonds, modify the bonds on the chiral carbon in the molecule below so the molecule has R stereochemical configuration. NH H Br X टेarrow_forwardProvide photos of models of the following molecules. (Include a key for identification of the atoms) 1,2-dichloropropane 2,3,3-trimethylhexane 2-bromo-3-methybutanearrow_forwardPlease draw the structure in the box that is consistent with all the spectral data and alphabetically label all of the equivalent protons in the structure (Ha, Hb, Hc....) in order to assign all the proton NMR peaks. The integrations are computer generated and approximate the number of equivalent protons. Molecular formula: C13H1802 14 13 12 11 10 11 (ppm) Structure with assigned H peaks 2.08 3.13arrow_forward
- A 0.10 M solution of acetic acid (CH3COOH, Ka = 1.8 x 10^-5) is titrated with a 0.0250 M solution of magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2). If 10.0 mL of the acid solution is titrated with 10.0 mL of the base solution, what is the pH of the resulting solution?arrow_forwardFirefly luciferin exhibits three rings. Identify which of the rings are aromatic. Identify which lone pairs are involved in establishing aromaticity. The lone pairs are labeled A-D below.arrow_forwardA 0.10 M solution of acetic acid (CH3COOH, Ka = 1.8 x 10^-5) is titrated with a 0.0250 M solution of magnesium hydroxide (Mg(OH)2). If 10.0 mL of the acid solution is titrated with 10.0 mL of the base solution, what is the pH of the resulting solution?arrow_forward
- Given a complex reaction with rate equation v = k1[A] + k2[A]2, what is the overall reaction order?arrow_forwardPlease draw the structure in the box that is consistent with all the spectral data and alphabetically label all of the equivalent protons in the structure (Ha, Hb, Hc....) in order to assign all the proton NMR peaks. The integrations are computer generated and approximate the number of equivalent protons. Molecular formula: C13H1802 14 13 12 11 10 11 (ppm) Structure with assigned H peaks 2.08 3.13arrow_forwardCHEMICAL KINETICS. One of the approximation methods for solving the rate equation is the steady-state approximation method. Explain what it consists of.arrow_forward
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