Organic Chemistry
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780078021558
Author: Janice Gorzynski Smith Dr.
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 12, Problem 12.73P
Interpretation Introduction
Interpretation: Dihydroxylation occurs by syn or anti addition, is to be determined using the given method.
Concept introduction: In presence of peroxide,
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Two substitution products result from the
reaction between 3-chloro-3-methyl-1-
butene with sodium acetate (CH3COO – Na +)
in acetic acid under SN1.
Identify the products.
H3C
CH3
H3C
NA C→XT
Br
Br₂
CH₂Cl₂
H3C
Electrophilic addition of bromine, Br₂, to alkenes yields a 1,2-dibromoalkane. The reaction proceeds through a cyclic
intermediate known as a bromonium ion. The reaction occurs in an anhydrous solvent such as CH₂Cl₂.
CH3
Br
In the second step of the reaction, bromide is the nucleophile and attacks at one of the carbons of the bromonium ion
to yield the product. Due to steric clashes, the bromide ion always attacks the carbon from the opposite face of the
bromonium ion so that a product with anti stereochemistry is formed.
Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism.
Arrow-pushing Instructions
Br
CH3
H3C
CH3
What are the reagents used to convert 2-butyne to C4H8? What are the products when that C4H8 is mixed with OsO4, and H2O (the formula will be C4H10O2 racemic)? What is the product when C4H8 is mixed with RCO3H, and H2O (the formula will be C4H10O2 meso)?
Chapter 12 Solutions
Organic Chemistry
Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.1PCh. 12 - Problem 12.2 What alkane is formed when each...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.3PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.4PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.5PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.6PCh. 12 - Compound Molecular formula before...Ch. 12 - Problem 12.8 Draw the products formed when...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.9PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.10P
Ch. 12 - Problem 12.11 (a) Draw the structure of a compound...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.12PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.13PCh. 12 - Problem 12.14 Draw the products of each...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.15PCh. 12 - Problem 12.16 Draw all stereoisomers formed when...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.17PCh. 12 - Problem 12.18 Draw the products formed when both...Ch. 12 - Problem 12.19 Draw the products formed when each...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.20PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.21PCh. 12 - Problem 12.22 Draw the products formed when each...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.23PCh. 12 - Problem 12.24 Draw the organic products in each of...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.25PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.26PCh. 12 - Problem 12.27 Draw the products of each Sharpless...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.28PCh. 12 - 12.29 Draw the products formed when A is treated...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.30PCh. 12 - 12.31 Devise a synthesis of the following compound...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.32PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.33PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.34PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.35PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.36PCh. 12 - 12.37 Stearidonic acid (C18H28O2) is an...Ch. 12 - Draw the organic products formed when cyclopentene...Ch. 12 - Draw the organic products formed when allylic...Ch. 12 - Draw the organic products formed in each reaction....Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.41PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.42PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.43PCh. 12 - What alkene is needed to synthesize each 1,2-diol...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.45PCh. 12 - 12.46 (a)What product is formed in Step [1] of the...Ch. 12 - Draw the products formed after Steps 1 and 2 in...Ch. 12 - 12.48 Draw the products formed in each oxidative...Ch. 12 - What alkene or alkyne yields each set of products...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.50PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.51PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.52PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.53PCh. 12 - 12.54 An unknown compound A of molecular formula ...Ch. 12 - 12.55 DHA is a fatty acid derived from fish oil...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.56PCh. 12 - 12.57 Draw the product of each asymmetric...Ch. 12 - 12.58 Epoxidation of the following allylic alcohol...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.59PCh. 12 - 12.60 Identify A in the following reaction...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.61PCh. 12 - 12.62 It is sometimes necessary to isomerize a cis...Ch. 12 - 12.63 Devise a synthesis of each compound from...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.64PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.65PCh. 12 - 12.66 Devise a synthesis of each compound from the...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.67PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.68PCh. 12 - 12.69 Devise a synthesis of each compound from as...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.70PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.71PCh. 12 - 12.72 Draw a stepwise mechanism for the following...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.73PCh. 12 - Prob. 12.74PCh. 12 - 12.75 Sharpless epoxidation of allylic alcohol X...
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- CH3 CH3 Br- Br2 .CH3 CH2Cl2 CH3 H3C H3C Br Electrophilic addition of bromine, Brɔ, to alkenes yields a 1,2-dibromoalkane. The reaction proceeds through a cyclic intermediate known as a bromonium ion. The reaction occurs in an anhydrous solvent such as CH,Cl,. In the second step of the reaction, bromide is the nucleophile and attacks at one of the carbons of the bromonium ion to yield the product. Due to steric clashes, the bromide ion always attacks the carbon from the opposite face of the bromonium ion so that a product with anti stereochemistry is formed. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism. Arrow-pushing Instructions CH3 CH3 CH3 CH3 H3C H3C :Br: :Br:arrow_forwardAlkynes do not react directly with aqueous acid as do alkenes, but will do so in the presence of mercury(II) sulfate as a Lewis acid catalyst. The reaction occurs with Markovnikov regiochemistry, so the OH group adds to the more highly substituted carbon and the H adds to the less highly substituted carbon. The initial product of the reaction is a vinyl alcohol, also called an enol. The enol immediately rearranges to a more stable ketone via tautomerization. Draw curved arrows to show the movement of electrons in this step of the mechanism. Arrow-pushing Instructions -X티 Hö: H-O -CH3 -CH3 H30*arrow_forwardIgnoring stereochemistry, draw the alkylborane formed from the addition of one equivalent of BH3 to the alkene. The alkylborane formed in Part 1 is further treated with H2O2 and HO−. Draw the two stereoisomers of the final product of the reaction. Include stereochemistry where relevant. How many stereocenters are formed from the reaction? What is the relationship between the stereoisomers?arrow_forward
- Hydroxylation of E-2-pentene with osmium tetroxide yields a different product than the same reaction using the Z configuration. Draw the structures of the alkenes and show the stereochemistry for each product. Explain any differences between them.arrow_forwardElimination of HBr from 2-bromobutane affords a mixture of 1-butene and 2-butene. With sodium ethoxide as base, 2-butene constitutes 81% of the alkene products, but with potassium tert-butoxide, 2-butene constitutes only 67% of the alkene products. Offer an explanation for this difference.arrow_forwardWhen 2-pentene is treated with Cl2 in methanol, three products are formed. Account for the formation of each product (you need not explain their relative percentages).arrow_forward
- Draw the alkene that would react with the reagent given to account for the product formed. CH3 HCI CH3 CHCCH, ? + Či CH3 You do not have to consider stereochemistry. • You do not have to explicitly draw H atoms. • In cases where there is more than one answer, just draw one.arrow_forwardIdentify two alkenes that react with HBr to form 1-bromo-1-methylcyclohexane without undergoing a carbocation rearrangement.arrow_forwardOne compound that contributes to the “seashore smell” at beaches in Hawai‘i is dictyopterene D', a component of a brown edible seaweed called limu lipoa. Hydrogenation of dictyopterene D' with excess H2 in the presence of a Pd catalyst forms butylcycloheptane. Ozonolysis with O3 followed by (CH3)2S forms CH2(CHO)2, HCOCH2CH(CHO)2, and CH3CH2CHO. What are possible structures of dictyopterene D'?arrow_forward
- Compound A has molecular formula C4H10. Compound A gives two monochlorides, B and C, on photochemical chlorination. Treatment of either of these monochlorides with potassium tert-butoxide gives the same alkene (C4H8) as the product, but B leads to just one isomer of the alkene, D, whereas C gives D and another isomer of the alkene, E. Treatment of monochlorides B and C with aqueous ethanol gives products F and G, respectively, both of which are of molecular formula C4H100. What are the chemical names of compounds A-G?arrow_forwardTreatment of a hydrocarbon A (molecular formula C9H18) with Br2 in the presence of light forms alkyl halides B and C, both having molecular formula C9H17Br. Reaction of either B or C with KOC(CH3)3 forms compound D (C9H16) as the major product. Ozonolysis of D forms cyclohexanone and acetone. Identify the structures of A–D.arrow_forwardReaction of 2-methylpropene with CH3OH in the presence of H2SO4 catalyst yieldsmethyl tert-butyl ether, CH3OC(CH3)3, by a mechanism analogous to that of acid- catalyzed alkene hydration. Write the mechanism, using curved arrows for each step.arrow_forward
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