Chapter 12, Problem 12.71SP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The band diagram for calcium when $4s$ and $\text{3}d$ orbital are well separated should be shown.

Concept introduction:

Bands are continuum of energy levels. The bands are of two types: valence band and conduction band.

Valence band is the band that holds valence electrons and conduction band is the band which is slightly higher in energy than valence band. On the basis of band theory, a partly filled band shows conduction and fully filled band doesn’t show conduction.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The band diagram for calcium when $4s$ and $\text{3}d$ orbital overlap should be shown. The diagram that agrees with the fact that calcium has higher conductivity should be identified.

Concept introduction:

Bands are continuum of energy levels. The bands are of two types: valence band and conduction band.

Valence band is the band that holds valence electrons and conduction band is the band which is slightly higher in energy than valence band. On the basis of band theory, a partly filled band shows conduction and fully filled band doesn’t show conduction.