(a) Interpretation: The formula of perovskite for a unit cell should be determined. Concept introduction: A unit cell is the smallest repeating unit of a crystal lattice. Unit cells are classified as primitive and non-primitive. Primitive unit cells are those which have atoms at only corners and non-primitive unit cells are those which have atoms at positions other than corners. Non- primitive unit cells are of various types: Face centered unit cell (fcc), body centered unit cell (bcc), edge centered unit cell, end centered unit cell. Contribution of an atom at a position is as follows: position in unit cell contributions center of body 1 center of face 1/2 center of edge 1/4 corners 1/8 The number of particles per unit cell, also denoted by Z is as follows: Unit cell Z scc 1 fcc 4 bcc 2 edge-centered cubic 4 end-centered cubic 2 The elements or substances exist more in solid than liquid and gases. These solids can be two types amorphous and crystalline. The crystalline solids are solids that contain their constituent particle in arranged manner. While amorphous solids are solid in which constituent particles get arranged randomly such as rubber.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.6A

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The formula of perovskite for a unit cell should be determined.

Concept introduction:

A unit cell is the smallest repeating unit of a crystal lattice. Unit cells are classified as primitive and non-primitive. Primitive unit cells are those which have atoms at only corners and non-primitive unit cells are those which have atoms at positions other than corners.

Non- primitive unit cells are of various types:

Face centered unit cell (fcc), body centered unit cell (bcc), edge centered unit cell, end centered unit cell.

Contribution of an atom at a position is as follows:

position in unit cellcontributionscenter of body1center of face1/2center of edge1/4corners1/8

The number of particles per unit cell, also denoted by Z is as follows:

Unit cellZscc1fcc4bcc2edge-centered cubic4end-centered cubic2

The elements or substances exist more in solid than liquid and gases. These solids can be two types amorphous and crystalline. The crystalline solids are solids that contain their constituent particle in arranged manner. While amorphous solids are solid in which constituent particles get arranged randomly such as rubber.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of titanium ion of given perovskite unit cell should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The elements or substances exist more in solid than liquid and gases. These solids can be two types amorphous and crystalline. The crystalline solids are solids that contain their constituent particle in arranged manner. While amorphous solids are solid in which constituent particles get arranged randomly such as rubber.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The geometry around each titanium, oxygen, and calcium atom in given unit cell should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The elements or substances exist more in solid than liquid and gases. These solids can be two types amorphous and crystalline. The crystalline solids are solids that contain their constituent particle in arranged manner. While amorphous solids are solid in which constituent particles get arranged randomly such as rubber.

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I) In Millikan's experiment, each droplet observed by the technicians contained an even number of electrons. If they had been unaware of this limitation, how would it have affected their report of an electron's charge?II) Millikan measured the charge of an electron in electrostatic units, esu. The data he collected included the following series of charges found on oil drops: 9.60 X 10^-10 esu, 1.92 X 10^-9 esu; 2.40 X 10^-9 esu; 2.88 X 10^-9 esu; and 4.80 X 10^-9 esu. (a) From this series, find the probable charge of the electron in electrostatic units. (b) Estimate the number of electrons in an oil drop with a charge of 6.72 X 10^-9 esu. The actual charge (in Coulombs) of an electron is 1.602 X 10^-19 C. What is the relationship between esu and Coulombs?

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.6A

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The formula of perovskite for a unit cell should be determined.

Concept introduction:

A unit cell is the smallest repeating unit of a crystal lattice. Unit cells are classified as primitive and non-primitive. Primitive unit cells are those which have atoms at only corners and non-primitive unit cells are those which have atoms at positions other than corners.

Non- primitive unit cells are of various types:

Face centered unit cell (fcc), body centered unit cell (bcc), edge centered unit cell, end centered unit cell.

Contribution of an atom at a position is as follows:

position in unit cellcontributionscenter of body1center of face1/2center of edge1/4corners1/8

The number of particles per unit cell, also denoted by Z is as follows:

Unit cellZscc1fcc4bcc2edge-centered cubic4end-centered cubic2

The elements or substances exist more in solid than liquid and gases. These solids can be two types amorphous and crystalline. The crystalline solids are solids that contain their constituent particle in arranged manner. While amorphous solids are solid in which constituent particles get arranged randomly such as rubber.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of titanium ion of given perovskite unit cell should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The elements or substances exist more in solid than liquid and gases. These solids can be two types amorphous and crystalline. The crystalline solids are solids that contain their constituent particle in arranged manner. While amorphous solids are solid in which constituent particles get arranged randomly such as rubber.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The geometry around each titanium, oxygen, and calcium atom in given unit cell should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The elements or substances exist more in solid than liquid and gases. These solids can be two types amorphous and crystalline. The crystalline solids are solids that contain their constituent particle in arranged manner. While amorphous solids are solid in which constituent particles get arranged randomly such as rubber.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.6A

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The formula of perovskite for a unit cell should be determined.

Concept introduction:

A unit cell is the smallest repeating unit of a crystal lattice. Unit cells are classified as primitive and non-primitive. Primitive unit cells are those which have atoms at only corners and non-primitive unit cells are those which have atoms at positions other than corners.

Non- primitive unit cells are of various types:

Face centered unit cell (fcc), body centered unit cell (bcc), edge centered unit cell, end centered unit cell.

Contribution of an atom at a position is as follows:

position in unit cellcontributionscenter of body1center of face1/2center of edge1/4corners1/8

The number of particles per unit cell, also denoted by Z is as follows:

Unit cellZscc1fcc4bcc2edge-centered cubic4end-centered cubic2

The elements or substances exist more in solid than liquid and gases. These solids can be two types amorphous and crystalline. The crystalline solids are solids that contain their constituent particle in arranged manner. While amorphous solids are solid in which constituent particles get arranged randomly such as rubber.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of titanium ion of given perovskite unit cell should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The elements or substances exist more in solid than liquid and gases. These solids can be two types amorphous and crystalline. The crystalline solids are solids that contain their constituent particle in arranged manner. While amorphous solids are solid in which constituent particles get arranged randomly such as rubber.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The geometry around each titanium, oxygen, and calcium atom in given unit cell should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The elements or substances exist more in solid than liquid and gases. These solids can be two types amorphous and crystalline. The crystalline solids are solids that contain their constituent particle in arranged manner. While amorphous solids are solid in which constituent particles get arranged randomly such as rubber.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.6A

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The formula of perovskite for a unit cell should be determined.

Concept introduction:

A unit cell is the smallest repeating unit of a crystal lattice. Unit cells are classified as primitive and non-primitive. Primitive unit cells are those which have atoms at only corners and non-primitive unit cells are those which have atoms at positions other than corners.

Non- primitive unit cells are of various types:

Face centered unit cell (fcc), body centered unit cell (bcc), edge centered unit cell, end centered unit cell.

Contribution of an atom at a position is as follows:

position in unit cellcontributionscenter of body1center of face1/2center of edge1/4corners1/8

The number of particles per unit cell, also denoted by Z is as follows:

Unit cellZscc1fcc4bcc2edge-centered cubic4end-centered cubic2

The elements or substances exist more in solid than liquid and gases. These solids can be two types amorphous and crystalline. The crystalline solids are solids that contain their constituent particle in arranged manner. While amorphous solids are solid in which constituent particles get arranged randomly such as rubber.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of titanium ion of given perovskite unit cell should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The elements or substances exist more in solid than liquid and gases. These solids can be two types amorphous and crystalline. The crystalline solids are solids that contain their constituent particle in arranged manner. While amorphous solids are solid in which constituent particles get arranged randomly such as rubber.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The geometry around each titanium, oxygen, and calcium atom in given unit cell should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The elements or substances exist more in solid than liquid and gases. These solids can be two types amorphous and crystalline. The crystalline solids are solids that contain their constituent particle in arranged manner. While amorphous solids are solid in which constituent particles get arranged randomly such as rubber.

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Answer 5

Chapter 12, Problem 12.6A

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The formula of perovskite for a unit cell should be determined.

Concept introduction:

A unit cell is the smallest repeating unit of a crystal lattice. Unit cells are classified as primitive and non-primitive. Primitive unit cells are those which have atoms at only corners and non-primitive unit cells are those which have atoms at positions other than corners.

Non- primitive unit cells are of various types:

Face centered unit cell (fcc), body centered unit cell (bcc), edge centered unit cell, end centered unit cell.

Contribution of an atom at a position is as follows:

position in unit cellcontributionscenter of body1center of face1/2center of edge1/4corners1/8

The number of particles per unit cell, also denoted by Z is as follows:

Unit cellZscc1fcc4bcc2edge-centered cubic4end-centered cubic2

The elements or substances exist more in solid than liquid and gases. These solids can be two types amorphous and crystalline. The crystalline solids are solids that contain their constituent particle in arranged manner. While amorphous solids are solid in which constituent particles get arranged randomly such as rubber.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of titanium ion of given perovskite unit cell should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The elements or substances exist more in solid than liquid and gases. These solids can be two types amorphous and crystalline. The crystalline solids are solids that contain their constituent particle in arranged manner. While amorphous solids are solid in which constituent particles get arranged randomly such as rubber.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The geometry around each titanium, oxygen, and calcium atom in given unit cell should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The elements or substances exist more in solid than liquid and gases. These solids can be two types amorphous and crystalline. The crystalline solids are solids that contain their constituent particle in arranged manner. While amorphous solids are solid in which constituent particles get arranged randomly such as rubber.

Answer 6

Chapter 12, Problem 12.6A

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The formula of perovskite for a unit cell should be determined.

Concept introduction:

A unit cell is the smallest repeating unit of a crystal lattice. Unit cells are classified as primitive and non-primitive. Primitive unit cells are those which have atoms at only corners and non-primitive unit cells are those which have atoms at positions other than corners.

Non- primitive unit cells are of various types:

Face centered unit cell (fcc), body centered unit cell (bcc), edge centered unit cell, end centered unit cell.

Contribution of an atom at a position is as follows:

position in unit cellcontributionscenter of body1center of face1/2center of edge1/4corners1/8

The number of particles per unit cell, also denoted by Z is as follows:

Unit cellZscc1fcc4bcc2edge-centered cubic4end-centered cubic2

The elements or substances exist more in solid than liquid and gases. These solids can be two types amorphous and crystalline. The crystalline solids are solids that contain their constituent particle in arranged manner. While amorphous solids are solid in which constituent particles get arranged randomly such as rubber.

Answer 7

Chapter 12, Problem 12.6A

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

The formula of perovskite for a unit cell should be determined.

Concept introduction:

A unit cell is the smallest repeating unit of a crystal lattice. Unit cells are classified as primitive and non-primitive. Primitive unit cells are those which have atoms at only corners and non-primitive unit cells are those which have atoms at positions other than corners.

Non- primitive unit cells are of various types:

Face centered unit cell (fcc), body centered unit cell (bcc), edge centered unit cell, end centered unit cell.

Contribution of an atom at a position is as follows:

position in unit cellcontributionscenter of body1center of face1/2center of edge1/4corners1/8

The number of particles per unit cell, also denoted by Z is as follows:

Unit cellZscc1fcc4bcc2edge-centered cubic4end-centered cubic2

The elements or substances exist more in solid than liquid and gases. These solids can be two types amorphous and crystalline. The crystalline solids are solids that contain their constituent particle in arranged manner. While amorphous solids are solid in which constituent particles get arranged randomly such as rubber.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of titanium ion of given perovskite unit cell should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The elements or substances exist more in solid than liquid and gases. These solids can be two types amorphous and crystalline. The crystalline solids are solids that contain their constituent particle in arranged manner. While amorphous solids are solid in which constituent particles get arranged randomly such as rubber.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

The oxidation state of titanium ion of given perovskite unit cell should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The elements or substances exist more in solid than liquid and gases. These solids can be two types amorphous and crystalline. The crystalline solids are solids that contain their constituent particle in arranged manner. While amorphous solids are solid in which constituent particles get arranged randomly such as rubber.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The geometry around each titanium, oxygen, and calcium atom in given unit cell should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The elements or substances exist more in solid than liquid and gases. These solids can be two types amorphous and crystalline. The crystalline solids are solids that contain their constituent particle in arranged manner. While amorphous solids are solid in which constituent particles get arranged randomly such as rubber.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

The geometry around each titanium, oxygen, and calcium atom in given unit cell should be determined.

Concept introduction:

The elements or substances exist more in solid than liquid and gases. These solids can be two types amorphous and crystalline. The crystalline solids are solids that contain their constituent particle in arranged manner. While amorphous solids are solid in which constituent particles get arranged randomly such as rubber.

Answer 12

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Answer 14

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Answer 15

Ch. 12 - Calcium metal crystallizes in a cubic...Ch. 12 - Polonium metal crystallizes in a simple cubic...Ch. 12 - Polonium metal crystallizes in a simple cubic...Ch. 12 - The density of a sample of metal "as measured to...Ch. 12 - Zinc sulfide crystallizes in the following cubic...Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.6A Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.7P Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.8A Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.9P Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.10A

Solution Summary: The author explains how the formula of perovskite for a unit cell should be determined.

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