Chapter 12, Problem 12.41QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The following solids have to be classified in terms of crystal types.

${\text{Na}}_2\text{O, MgO,}{\text{Al}}_2{\text{O}}_3,{\text{SiO}}_2\text{,}{\text{P}}_4{\text{O}}_{10}\text{,}{\text{SO}}_3\text{,}{\text{Cl}}_2{\text{O}}_7$

Concept Introduction:

• On the basis of the arrangement of the components, there are two distinct types of solids - crystalline solids and amorphous solids. These two types differ in the arrangement of their respective components and so in their properties.
• Crystalline solids, also known as crystals have their own sub-classification. The types of crystals can be summarized as follows –

  

• Crystals have well-defined regular, compact, orderly arrangement of their components of very long range order.  They are classified as – Ionic crystals, molecular crystals, covalent crystals and metallic crystals.
• In ionic crystals, ions of opposite charges are bind together by electrostatic force and are neatly stacked to form a regular and well-defined structure. Example:$\text{KCl}$, Rutile.
• In molecular crystal, molecules are arranged in such a fashion and in metallic crystal metal atoms are arranged in such a manner. Example: Ice for molecular solid and almost all metals and alloys for metallic solids.
• In Covalent crystals the components are atoms bonded by covalent bond repetitively and thus forms huge network form of solid.  Network solids are widely formed by group 14 elements and its compounds. Example: Diamond, Amethyst.
• All these types of solids differ in their respective intramolecular as well as intermolecular forces.  As a result, each type of solid has unique properties.