(a) Interpretation: How the given compound can be synthesized from an acyclic compound is to be shown. Concept introduction: Compounds containing a cyclopropyl ring can be synthesized from alkenes and alkynes . When an alkene or an alkyne is treated with a carbene R 2 C: , the π bond is replaced by a − C(R 2 ) − bridge. This results in the introduction of a cyclopropyl ring on the substrate. The ‘R’ group(s) in the carbene may be hydrogen, a halogen or a combination of these. A carbene is a highly reactive species and is generated in situ. Common methods are irradiating diazomethane with ultraviolet light, of treating a haloform (trihalomethane) with a strong base. The carbene adds to the double bond in a concerted reaction – the lone pair on the carbene forms a bond with one carbon of the double (or triple) bond and the π bond pair simultaneously forms a bond to the carbene carbon.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.28P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

How the given compound can be synthesized from an acyclic compound is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Compounds containing a cyclopropyl ring can be synthesized from alkenes and alkynes. When an alkene or an alkyne is treated with a carbene R2C:, the π bond is replaced by a −C(R2)− bridge. This results in the introduction of a cyclopropyl ring on the substrate. The ‘R’ group(s) in the carbene may be hydrogen, a halogen or a combination of these.

A carbene is a highly reactive species and is generated in situ. Common methods are irradiating diazomethane with ultraviolet light, of treating a haloform (trihalomethane) with a strong base. The carbene adds to the double bond in a concerted reaction – the lone pair on the carbene forms a bond with one carbon of the double (or triple) bond and the π bond pair simultaneously forms a bond to the carbene carbon.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

How the given compound can be synthesized from an acyclic compound is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Compounds containing a cyclopropyl ring can be synthesized from alkenes and alkynes. When an alkene or an alkyne is treated with a carbene R2C:, the π bond is replaced by a −C(R2)− bridge. This results in the introduction of a cyclopropyl ring on the substrate. The ‘R’ group(s) in the carbene may be hydrogen, a halogen or a combination of these.

A carbene is a highly reactive species and is generated in situ. Common methods are irradiating diazomethane with ultraviolet light, of treating a haloform (trihalomethane) with a strong base. The carbene adds to the double bond in a concerted reaction – the lone pair on the carbene forms a bond with one carbon of the double (or triple) bond and the π bond pair simultaneously forms a bond to the carbene carbon.

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(a 4 shows scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of extruded actions of packing bed for two capillary columns of different diameters, al 750 (bottom image) and b) 30-μm-i.d. Both columns are packed with the same stationary phase, spherical particles with 1-um diameter. A) When the columns were prepared, the figure shows that the column with the larger diameter has more packing irregularities. Explain this observation. B) Predict what affect this should have on band broadening and discuss your prediction using the van Deemter terms. C) Does this figure support your explanations in application question 33? Explain why or why not and make any changes in your answers in light of this figure. Figure 4 SEM images of sections of packed columns for a) 750 and b) 30-um-i.d. capillary columns.³

fcrip = ↓ bandwidth Il temp 32. What impact (increase, decrease, or no change) does each of the following conditions have on the individual components of the van Deemter equation and consequently, band broadening? Increase temperature Longer column Using a gas mobile phase instead of liquid Smaller particle stationary phase Multiple Paths Diffusion Mass Transfer

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.28P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

How the given compound can be synthesized from an acyclic compound is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Compounds containing a cyclopropyl ring can be synthesized from alkenes and alkynes. When an alkene or an alkyne is treated with a carbene R2C:, the π bond is replaced by a −C(R2)− bridge. This results in the introduction of a cyclopropyl ring on the substrate. The ‘R’ group(s) in the carbene may be hydrogen, a halogen or a combination of these.

A carbene is a highly reactive species and is generated in situ. Common methods are irradiating diazomethane with ultraviolet light, of treating a haloform (trihalomethane) with a strong base. The carbene adds to the double bond in a concerted reaction – the lone pair on the carbene forms a bond with one carbon of the double (or triple) bond and the π bond pair simultaneously forms a bond to the carbene carbon.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

How the given compound can be synthesized from an acyclic compound is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Compounds containing a cyclopropyl ring can be synthesized from alkenes and alkynes. When an alkene or an alkyne is treated with a carbene R2C:, the π bond is replaced by a −C(R2)− bridge. This results in the introduction of a cyclopropyl ring on the substrate. The ‘R’ group(s) in the carbene may be hydrogen, a halogen or a combination of these.

A carbene is a highly reactive species and is generated in situ. Common methods are irradiating diazomethane with ultraviolet light, of treating a haloform (trihalomethane) with a strong base. The carbene adds to the double bond in a concerted reaction – the lone pair on the carbene forms a bond with one carbon of the double (or triple) bond and the π bond pair simultaneously forms a bond to the carbene carbon.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.28P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

How the given compound can be synthesized from an acyclic compound is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Compounds containing a cyclopropyl ring can be synthesized from alkenes and alkynes. When an alkene or an alkyne is treated with a carbene R2C:, the π bond is replaced by a −C(R2)− bridge. This results in the introduction of a cyclopropyl ring on the substrate. The ‘R’ group(s) in the carbene may be hydrogen, a halogen or a combination of these.

A carbene is a highly reactive species and is generated in situ. Common methods are irradiating diazomethane with ultraviolet light, of treating a haloform (trihalomethane) with a strong base. The carbene adds to the double bond in a concerted reaction – the lone pair on the carbene forms a bond with one carbon of the double (or triple) bond and the π bond pair simultaneously forms a bond to the carbene carbon.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

How the given compound can be synthesized from an acyclic compound is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Compounds containing a cyclopropyl ring can be synthesized from alkenes and alkynes. When an alkene or an alkyne is treated with a carbene R2C:, the π bond is replaced by a −C(R2)− bridge. This results in the introduction of a cyclopropyl ring on the substrate. The ‘R’ group(s) in the carbene may be hydrogen, a halogen or a combination of these.

A carbene is a highly reactive species and is generated in situ. Common methods are irradiating diazomethane with ultraviolet light, of treating a haloform (trihalomethane) with a strong base. The carbene adds to the double bond in a concerted reaction – the lone pair on the carbene forms a bond with one carbon of the double (or triple) bond and the π bond pair simultaneously forms a bond to the carbene carbon.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 12, Problem 12.28P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

How the given compound can be synthesized from an acyclic compound is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Compounds containing a cyclopropyl ring can be synthesized from alkenes and alkynes. When an alkene or an alkyne is treated with a carbene R2C:, the π bond is replaced by a −C(R2)− bridge. This results in the introduction of a cyclopropyl ring on the substrate. The ‘R’ group(s) in the carbene may be hydrogen, a halogen or a combination of these.

A carbene is a highly reactive species and is generated in situ. Common methods are irradiating diazomethane with ultraviolet light, of treating a haloform (trihalomethane) with a strong base. The carbene adds to the double bond in a concerted reaction – the lone pair on the carbene forms a bond with one carbon of the double (or triple) bond and the π bond pair simultaneously forms a bond to the carbene carbon.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

How the given compound can be synthesized from an acyclic compound is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Compounds containing a cyclopropyl ring can be synthesized from alkenes and alkynes. When an alkene or an alkyne is treated with a carbene R2C:, the π bond is replaced by a −C(R2)− bridge. This results in the introduction of a cyclopropyl ring on the substrate. The ‘R’ group(s) in the carbene may be hydrogen, a halogen or a combination of these.

A carbene is a highly reactive species and is generated in situ. Common methods are irradiating diazomethane with ultraviolet light, of treating a haloform (trihalomethane) with a strong base. The carbene adds to the double bond in a concerted reaction – the lone pair on the carbene forms a bond with one carbon of the double (or triple) bond and the π bond pair simultaneously forms a bond to the carbene carbon.

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Answer 5

Chapter 12, Problem 12.28P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

How the given compound can be synthesized from an acyclic compound is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Compounds containing a cyclopropyl ring can be synthesized from alkenes and alkynes. When an alkene or an alkyne is treated with a carbene R2C:, the π bond is replaced by a −C(R2)− bridge. This results in the introduction of a cyclopropyl ring on the substrate. The ‘R’ group(s) in the carbene may be hydrogen, a halogen or a combination of these.

A carbene is a highly reactive species and is generated in situ. Common methods are irradiating diazomethane with ultraviolet light, of treating a haloform (trihalomethane) with a strong base. The carbene adds to the double bond in a concerted reaction – the lone pair on the carbene forms a bond with one carbon of the double (or triple) bond and the π bond pair simultaneously forms a bond to the carbene carbon.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

How the given compound can be synthesized from an acyclic compound is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Compounds containing a cyclopropyl ring can be synthesized from alkenes and alkynes. When an alkene or an alkyne is treated with a carbene R2C:, the π bond is replaced by a −C(R2)− bridge. This results in the introduction of a cyclopropyl ring on the substrate. The ‘R’ group(s) in the carbene may be hydrogen, a halogen or a combination of these.

A carbene is a highly reactive species and is generated in situ. Common methods are irradiating diazomethane with ultraviolet light, of treating a haloform (trihalomethane) with a strong base. The carbene adds to the double bond in a concerted reaction – the lone pair on the carbene forms a bond with one carbon of the double (or triple) bond and the π bond pair simultaneously forms a bond to the carbene carbon.

Answer 6

Chapter 12, Problem 12.28P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

How the given compound can be synthesized from an acyclic compound is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Compounds containing a cyclopropyl ring can be synthesized from alkenes and alkynes. When an alkene or an alkyne is treated with a carbene R2C:, the π bond is replaced by a −C(R2)− bridge. This results in the introduction of a cyclopropyl ring on the substrate. The ‘R’ group(s) in the carbene may be hydrogen, a halogen or a combination of these.

A carbene is a highly reactive species and is generated in situ. Common methods are irradiating diazomethane with ultraviolet light, of treating a haloform (trihalomethane) with a strong base. The carbene adds to the double bond in a concerted reaction – the lone pair on the carbene forms a bond with one carbon of the double (or triple) bond and the π bond pair simultaneously forms a bond to the carbene carbon.

Answer 7

Chapter 12, Problem 12.28P

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

How the given compound can be synthesized from an acyclic compound is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Compounds containing a cyclopropyl ring can be synthesized from alkenes and alkynes. When an alkene or an alkyne is treated with a carbene R2C:, the π bond is replaced by a −C(R2)− bridge. This results in the introduction of a cyclopropyl ring on the substrate. The ‘R’ group(s) in the carbene may be hydrogen, a halogen or a combination of these.

A carbene is a highly reactive species and is generated in situ. Common methods are irradiating diazomethane with ultraviolet light, of treating a haloform (trihalomethane) with a strong base. The carbene adds to the double bond in a concerted reaction – the lone pair on the carbene forms a bond with one carbon of the double (or triple) bond and the π bond pair simultaneously forms a bond to the carbene carbon.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

How the given compound can be synthesized from an acyclic compound is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Compounds containing a cyclopropyl ring can be synthesized from alkenes and alkynes. When an alkene or an alkyne is treated with a carbene R2C:, the π bond is replaced by a −C(R2)− bridge. This results in the introduction of a cyclopropyl ring on the substrate. The ‘R’ group(s) in the carbene may be hydrogen, a halogen or a combination of these.

A carbene is a highly reactive species and is generated in situ. Common methods are irradiating diazomethane with ultraviolet light, of treating a haloform (trihalomethane) with a strong base. The carbene adds to the double bond in a concerted reaction – the lone pair on the carbene forms a bond with one carbon of the double (or triple) bond and the π bond pair simultaneously forms a bond to the carbene carbon.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

How the given compound can be synthesized from an acyclic compound is to be shown.

Concept introduction:

Compounds containing a cyclopropyl ring can be synthesized from alkenes and alkynes. When an alkene or an alkyne is treated with a carbene R2C:, the π bond is replaced by a −C(R2)− bridge. This results in the introduction of a cyclopropyl ring on the substrate. The ‘R’ group(s) in the carbene may be hydrogen, a halogen or a combination of these.

A carbene is a highly reactive species and is generated in situ. Common methods are irradiating diazomethane with ultraviolet light, of treating a haloform (trihalomethane) with a strong base. The carbene adds to the double bond in a concerted reaction – the lone pair on the carbene forms a bond with one carbon of the double (or triple) bond and the π bond pair simultaneously forms a bond to the carbene carbon.

Answer 10

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Answer 11

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Answer 12

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Answer 13

Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.1P Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.2P Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.3P Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.4P Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.5P Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.6P Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.7P Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.8P Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.9P Ch. 12 - Prob. 12.10P

Solution Summary: The author explains how the given compound can be synthesized from an acyclic compound.

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