To write: the equilibrium expressions for K1 and K2
(a)
Expert Solution
Explanation of Solution
Equilibrium constant, Keq,for a reaction is actually the concentration of the products raised to the power of number of moles divided by the concentration of the reactants raised to the power of number of moles.
For the reaction CO32−(aq)+H+(aq)⇄HCO3-(aq), the equilibrium constant K1 is written as:
K1=[HCO3-][CO32−][H+]
For the reaction HCO3-(aq)+H+(aq)⇄H2CO3(aq), the equilibrium constant K2 is written as:
K2=[H2CO3][HCO3-][H+]
Interpretation Introduction
(b) To write: the equation for the reaction that is the sum of two reactions
Expert Solution
Explanation of Solution
Add the two equations to obtain their sum Adding CO32−(aq)+H+(aq)⇄HCO3-(aq) and HCO3-(aq)+H+(aq)⇄H2CO3(aq),
To write: The equilibrium expression for the reaction obtained on summation of the two reactions.
(c)
Expert Solution
Explanation of Solution
The reaction obtained on summation of the two reactionsCO32−(aq)+H+(aq)⇄HCO3-(aq) and HCO3-(aq)+H+(aq)⇄H2CO3(aq) is CO32−(aq) + 2H+(aq)⇄H2CO3(aq)
When two reactions are added, their equilibrium constants get multiplied.
Therefore, the equilibrium constantK3 is obtained as K1×K2=[HCO3-][CO32−][H+]×[H2CO3][HCO3-][H+]=[H2CO3][CO32−][H+]2
Conclusion
K1=[HCO3-][CO32−][H+], K2=[H2CO3][HCO3-][H+], the equation for the reaction that is the sum of two reactions CO32−(aq) + 2H+(aq)⇄H2CO3(aq) and the equilibrium expression is K3=[H2CO3][CO32−][H+]2.
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b) Certain cyclic compounds are known to be conformationally similar to carbohydrates, although they are not
themselves carbohydrates. One example is Compound C shown below, which could be imagined as adopting
four possible conformations. In reality, however, only one of these is particularly stable. Circle the conformation
you expect to be the most stable, and provide an explanation to justify your choice. For your explanation to be
both convincing and correct, it must contain not only words, but also "cartoon" orbital drawings contrasting the
four structures.
Compound C
Possible conformations (circle one):
Дет
Lab Data
The distance entered is out of the expected range.
Check your calculations and conversion factors.
Verify your distance. Will the gas cloud be closer to the cotton ball with HCI or NH3?
Did you report your data to the correct number of significant figures?
- X
Experimental Set-up
HCI-NH3
NH3-HCI
Longer Tube
Time elapsed (min)
5 (exact)
5 (exact)
Distance between cotton balls (cm)
24.30
24.40
Distance to cloud (cm)
9.70
14.16
Distance traveled by HCI (cm)
9.70
9.80
Distance traveled by NH3 (cm)
14.60
14.50
Diffusion rate of HCI (cm/hr)
116
118
Diffusion rate of NH3 (cm/hr)
175.2
175.2
How to measure distance and calculate rate
For the titration of a divalent metal ion (M2+) with EDTA, the stoichiometry of the reaction is typically:
1:1 (one mole of EDTA per mole of metal ion)
2:1 (two moles of EDTA per mole of metal ion)
1:2 (one mole of EDTA per two moles of metal ion)
None of the above
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