Chapter 11.5, Problem 11.5TYU

While parking your car, you accidentally back into a steel post. Yon pull forward until the car no longer touches the post and then get out to inspect the damage. What does your rear bumper look like if the strain in the impact was (a) less than at the proportional limit; (b) greater than at the proportional limit but less than at the yield point; (c) greater than at the yield point but less than at the fracture point; and (d) greater than at the fracture point?