Campbell Biology (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321775658
Author: Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 11.4, Problem 3CC
Summary Introduction
To determine: The affect on the cell signaling pathways due to the activation of malfunctioning protein phosphatases.
Concept introduction: The mutation or the malfunctioning of the protein molecules will lead to a constant activation of the protein response without inhibition inside the cell. The function of the protein phosphatases is to remove the phosphate group from the protein signaling leading to an inhibition of the cell signaling pathway.
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1) Amino acids that contain hydroxyl groups in their R-groups can be phosphorylated during cellular signaling.
(a) What amino acids can be phosphorylated? (use the one letter amino acid abbreviations)
(b) Does phosphorylation turn a signaling protein “on” or “off”?
(c) Whatis the most common source of a phosphate used to phosphorylate a protein
(d) What enzyme type (or category of enzymes)removes phosphates from proteins?
Please note whether each protein is either a Kinase (K), ATPase (A), GTPase (G), Membrane protein
(M). Some proteins may need more than one letter:
Dynamin
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Porin
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EGF Receptor
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CD4
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P-glycoprotein
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Rho
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Chapter 11 Solutions
Campbell Biology (10th Edition)
Ch. 11.1 - Explain how signaling is involved in ensuring that...Ch. 11.1 - In liver cells, glycogen Phosphorylase acts in...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 11.2 - Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a water-soluble...Ch. 11.2 - WHAT IF? What would the effect be if a cell made...Ch. 11.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How is ligand binding similar to...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 4CCCh. 11.3 - What is a protein kinase, and what is its role in...Ch. 11.3 - When a signal transduction pathway involves a...Ch. 11.3 - What is the actual signal that is being transduced...
Ch. 11.3 - WHAT IF? If you exposed a cell to a ligand that...Ch. 11.4 - How can a targct cell's response to a single...Ch. 11.4 - WHAT IF? If two cells have different scaffolding...Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 11.5 - Give an example of apoptosis during embryonic...Ch. 11.5 - WH AT IF? If apoptosis occurred when it should...Ch. 11 - What determines whether a cell responds to a...Ch. 11 - How are the structures of a GPCR and an RTK...Ch. 11 - What is the difference between a protein kinase...Ch. 11 - What mechanisms in the cell terminale its response...Ch. 11 - What is an explanation for the similarities...Ch. 11 - Binding of a signaling molecule to which type of...Ch. 11 - The activation of receptor tyrosinc kinases is...Ch. 11 - Lipid-soluble signaling molecules, such as...Ch. 11 - Consider this pathway: epinephrine G...Ch. 11 - Apoptosis involves all but which of the following?...Ch. 11 - Which Observation suggestcd to Sutherland the...Ch. 11 - Protein phosphorylation is commonly involved with...Ch. 11 - DRAW IT Draw the following apoptotic pathway,...Ch. 11 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Identify the evolutlonary...Ch. 11 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 11 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY The aging process...Ch. 11 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION The properties...Ch. 11 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE There are five basic...
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- . which of the following statements about heterotrimetric G proteins and their receptors is incorrect? A: when GTP binds to the alpha subunit of the G protein, the beta-gamma subunit dissociates from the alpha subunit B: G-protein coupled receptors contain nine transmembrane alpha helices C: binding of arrestin causes removal of the receptor from the membrane D: G protein- coupled receptors may be desensitized by serine phosphorylation I had chosen option A and got it wrong. What is the Correct answer and explain how it is. Also, where did i go wrong in choosing option A?arrow_forward. What would happen in each of the following cases? Assume in each case that the protein involved is a soluble protein, not a membrane protein. You add a signal sequence (for the ER) to the N-terminal end of a normally cytosolic protein. You change the hydrophobic amino acids in an ER signal sequence into charged amino acids. You change the hydrophobic amino acids in an ER signal sequence into other hydrophobic amino acids. 4 You move the N-terminal ER signal sequence to the C-terminal end of the protein.arrow_forwardWhen a trimeric G protein is activated by GPCR? The three subunit of the G protein remain tightly associated with each other; the GDP bound to the a subunit is phosphorylated to form bound GTP; it dissociates into a free B subunit and an ay subunit Options: hydrolyzed, cleaves, phosphorylate, dephosphorylates, folds, glycosates; gtp, gdp, cgmp, atp, adp, camp; cleaves, phosphorylation, dephosphorylation, unfolds, glcosylates, deglycosylate; leucine kinases, glycine kinase, Tyrosine kinases, valine kinase; triimetization, dimerization, monomerizationarrow_forward
- Do not use Aiarrow_forwardIn the hypothetical signaling pathway shown below, the hormone 'square' binds to its high-affinity receptor, which activates a protein 'X,' which diffuses to and activates the enzyme 'Q synthase'. When active, Q synthase catalyzes the conversion of 'P' to 'Q.' 'Q' then diffuses to the enzyme 'C kinase', which catalyzes the phosphorylation of 'C'. Phosphorylated 'C' then diffuses to and binds to the Ca* channels in an organelle membrane, which causes them to open and release Ca, which then triggers the cellular response. The second messenger in this pathway is Square Q synthase C kinase AGBO +. ARP Ca2+arrow_forwardexplain.arrow_forward
- RTK: What would the following double mutations mean for the status of the signaling pathway, and the phosphorylation of MAPKK (MEK)? 1. Ligand is bound to the receptor; MAPK T120A mutation (T120 is normally phosphorylated by MAPKK) a) Pathway ON (final output is achieved) b) Pathway OFF (no final output) c) Phosphorylation of MAPKK MEK d) NO Phosphorylation of MAPKK MEK 2) Ligand is not bound to the receptor; MAPKKK T132E mutation (T132 is normally phosphorylated by Ras) a) Pathway ON (final output is achieved) b) Pathway OFF (no final output) c) Phosphorylation of MAPKK MEK d) NO Phosphorylation of MAPKK MEKarrow_forwardMuch of what we know about cell signalling comes from biochemical studies of proteins isolated in test tubes. What is the precise quantitative behaviour of intracellular signalling networks in an intact cell where countless other signals and cellular components can influence the specificity and intensity of signalling?arrow_forwardChoose the signaling or type of receptor for eacharrow_forward
- Pay close attention to the information related to figure 3.14a and the structure of the PKA catalytic site in this figure. In a few well-written sentences, propose the following: A mutation that would result in PKA becoming a dead kinase*. A mutation that would result in PKA becoming a constitutively active** kinase.arrow_forwardReceptor tyrosine kinases such as the epidermal growth factor (EGF) receptor can basically be broken down into three domains: (1) An extracellular, ligand binding domain, (2) A transmembrane domain that must cross through the cell membrane, and (3) an intracellular domain. Match the amino acid with the domain that it would MOST LIKELY be associated with. Lysine (choose (1), (2), or (3) from above) A tyrosine residue capable of being phosphorylated on its hydroxyl group (choose (1), (2), or (3) from above) Isoleucine (choose (1), (2), or (3) from above)arrow_forwardSignaling molecules interact with cells through specific macromolecular receptors. For each of the four receptors identified below, list all characteristics, by number, which accurately describe that receptor. (a) An adrenergic receptor (b) A steroid receptor (c) The LDL receptor (d) The insulin receptor (1) Located at the cell surface (2) Associated with the protein clathrin (3) Ligand binding stimulates the activity of phospholipase C (4) A transmembrane protein (5) A DNA-binding protein (6) Located in the cell interior (7) Receptor–ligand complex moves to the lysosome (8) Receptor–ligand complex becomes concentrated in the nucleus (9) Receptor activation can inhibit the synthesis of glycogen (10) The hormone–receptor complex activates specific gene transcription (11) Internalization decreases the synthesis of cholesterol esters (12) Action of this receptor diminishes the synthesis and activity of bhydroxy-b-methylglutaryl-CoA reductase (HMG-CoA reductase) (13) This receptor…arrow_forward
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