Campbell Biology (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321775658
Author: Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 11.2, Problem 2CC
WHAT IF? → What would the effect be if a cell made defective receptor tyrosine kinase proteins that were unable to dimerize?
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a) Create a diagram which illustrates the typical signalling mechanism of action of kinase-
linked receptors and possible routes of communication (autocrine etc.). Should show the
specific molecules involved, the mechanisms of signal transduction and indicate the
different pathways that are activated. It should include a specific example of a receptor,
ligand and signalling pathway for each general class. Include as wide a variety of ligands
and modes of action as you can. for a novel pathway.
Superfamily
Give the superfamily to which the receptor belongs
Accession
Give the Uniprot accession number
Name
Give the molecule name
Species
Give the species
Ligand
What is the ligand, or class of ligands which bind to this receptor?
What are the physiological processes involved? Is this autocrine,
paracrine or endocrine or some combination of them? What is the
pathology of the receptor?
Key
physiological
process
involved
Mechanism of What are the downstream actions of the receptor? Which…
. What would happen in each of the following cases? Assume in each case that the protein involved is a soluble protein, not a membrane protein.
You add a signal sequence (for the ER) to the N-terminal end of a normally cytosolic protein.
You change the hydrophobic amino acids in an ER signal sequence into charged amino acids.
You change the hydrophobic amino acids in an ER signal sequence into other hydrophobic amino acids.
4 You move the N-terminal ER signal sequence to the C-terminal end of the protein.
Chapter 11 Solutions
Campbell Biology (10th Edition)
Ch. 11.1 - Explain how signaling is involved in ensuring that...Ch. 11.1 - In liver cells, glycogen Phosphorylase acts in...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 11.2 - Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a water-soluble...Ch. 11.2 - WHAT IF? What would the effect be if a cell made...Ch. 11.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How is ligand binding similar to...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 4CCCh. 11.3 - What is a protein kinase, and what is its role in...Ch. 11.3 - When a signal transduction pathway involves a...Ch. 11.3 - What is the actual signal that is being transduced...
Ch. 11.3 - WHAT IF? If you exposed a cell to a ligand that...Ch. 11.4 - How can a targct cell's response to a single...Ch. 11.4 - WHAT IF? If two cells have different scaffolding...Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 11.5 - Give an example of apoptosis during embryonic...Ch. 11.5 - WH AT IF? If apoptosis occurred when it should...Ch. 11 - What determines whether a cell responds to a...Ch. 11 - How are the structures of a GPCR and an RTK...Ch. 11 - What is the difference between a protein kinase...Ch. 11 - What mechanisms in the cell terminale its response...Ch. 11 - What is an explanation for the similarities...Ch. 11 - Binding of a signaling molecule to which type of...Ch. 11 - The activation of receptor tyrosinc kinases is...Ch. 11 - Lipid-soluble signaling molecules, such as...Ch. 11 - Consider this pathway: epinephrine G...Ch. 11 - Apoptosis involves all but which of the following?...Ch. 11 - Which Observation suggestcd to Sutherland the...Ch. 11 - Protein phosphorylation is commonly involved with...Ch. 11 - DRAW IT Draw the following apoptotic pathway,...Ch. 11 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Identify the evolutlonary...Ch. 11 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 11 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY The aging process...Ch. 11 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION The properties...Ch. 11 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE There are five basic...
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- More than 500 genes have been identified in the human genome that code for protein kinases. What does such identification imply regarding the role of protein kinases in cellular functions? Explain your answer.arrow_forwardCell signaling in plant and animal cells is similar in those ways and different in others. Offer one or more hypotheses for these similarities and differences, and cite specific examples.arrow_forward8arrow_forward
- Give typing answer with explanation and conclusion Dimerization of transmembrane receptors can facilitate: ALL OF THESE signal transduction NONE OF THESE cross-phosphorylation tyrosine kinase recruitmentarrow_forwardRTK: What would the following double mutations mean for the status of the signaling pathway, and the phosphorylation of MAPKK (MEK)? 1. Ligand is bound to the receptor; MAPK T120A mutation (T120 is normally phosphorylated by MAPKK) a) Pathway ON (final output is achieved) b) Pathway OFF (no final output) c) Phosphorylation of MAPKK MEK d) NO Phosphorylation of MAPKK MEK 2) Ligand is not bound to the receptor; MAPKKK T132E mutation (T132 is normally phosphorylated by Ras) a) Pathway ON (final output is achieved) b) Pathway OFF (no final output) c) Phosphorylation of MAPKK MEK d) NO Phosphorylation of MAPKK MEKarrow_forward8 80 wh 가 Vt WI V N Messenger GDP 1 BY G protein Receptor Lumen of endoplasmic reticulum Ca Membrane of endoplasmic reticulum 2 " GDP GTP GTP (5b) Phospholipase C PIP 2 3 IP3 DAG (6c) Calmodulin Protein kinase Protein-P © 2011 Pearson Education, Inc. (4a) 6b Protein kinase C ATP + protein Extracellular fluid (5a) Response in cell (contraction, metabolism, transport) ADP protein- p (6a) Response in cell Response in cell (contraction, secretion) Cytosol Which Ga protein activates phospholipase C? Which secondary messenger opens the ligand gated ion channel? What does a kinase do? What does a phosphatase do?arrow_forward
- GTP binding proteins are molecular switches. How do GTP binding proteins work? Provide two examples of GTP binding proteins that function in intracellular protein transport. Make a drawing that illustrates the function of each of these proteins in their respective roles. Predict the direct outcome of a mutation that: Inhibits GTPase activity Inhibits interaction with the GEFarrow_forward. which of the following statements about heterotrimetric G proteins and their receptors is incorrect? A: when GTP binds to the alpha subunit of the G protein, the beta-gamma subunit dissociates from the alpha subunit B: G-protein coupled receptors contain nine transmembrane alpha helices C: binding of arrestin causes removal of the receptor from the membrane D: G protein- coupled receptors may be desensitized by serine phosphorylation I had chosen option A and got it wrong. What is the Correct answer and explain how it is. Also, where did i go wrong in choosing option A?arrow_forwardExplain Signaling by Receptors That Interact with Cytoplasmic Janus Kinases?arrow_forward
- Help constructing a concept map? Example provided below. Many studies have indicated that autophagy and apoptosis play an important role in the pathogenesis of spinal cord injury. In recent years, research on autophagy-related signal transduction pathways has demonstrated that the phosphatidylinositol-3-kinase (PI3K)/protein kinase B (Akt)/mammalian target of rapamycin (mTOR) signaling pathway is closely associated with the initiation of autophagy. However, the mechanism of the pathological relationship between this signaling pathway and apoptosis in spinal cord injury is unclear. In this study, we used an in vitro model of spinal cord injury to observe the mechanism of the PI3K/Akt/mTOR signaling pathway and the apoptosis of neurons via the mitochondrial pathway. Mitochondrial pathway apoptosis-related proteins were detected by western blot. Akt and mTOR phosphorylation levels peaked 4 h after mechanical damage and then decreased. Following administration of the PI3K-specific…arrow_forwardCompare the three kinases - PKA, PKC, and CaMKinase II in terms of activation. What is the initial signal that activates them, what components are part of the kinase, and how does the structure modify when activated?arrow_forwardWhat is the purpose of A kinase–associated proteins (AKAPs)? Describe how AKAPs work in heart muscle cells.arrow_forward
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