Campbell Biology (10th Edition)
10th Edition
ISBN: 9780321775658
Author: Jane B. Reece, Lisa A. Urry, Michael L. Cain, Steven A. Wasserman, Peter V. Minorsky, Robert B. Jackson
Publisher: PEARSON
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Textbook Question
Chapter 11.3, Problem 3CC
What is the actual “signal” that is being transduced in any Signal transduction pathway, such as those shown in Figures 11.6 and 11.10? In what way is this Information being passed from the exterior to the interior of the cell?
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What type of signal transduction is involved in signaling from hormones such as estrogen and testosterone? Explain the signal transduction pathway that occurs.
1. Is there a short term description for signal transduction, instead wrting multiple words to descripte the type of signal transduction? Can I just identify it as active signal transduction and inactive signal transduction. Based on my understanding, active singal transduction is for the fast react transdcution, while inactive signal transduction meanly refers the hormonal affacts on the system.
2. For Ion channels, specific enzymes are both involed activated and inactivated signal transduction?
Name and define (briefly) the four different types of receptors involved in Cellsignaling. Give an example of a ligand and specific type of receptor (where would you find the receptor?) for one of the receptors defined.
What is the main benefit of cell signaling via direct physical contact and cell signaling over short distances (ex: nerve cell signaling)?
Chapter 11 Solutions
Campbell Biology (10th Edition)
Ch. 11.1 - Explain how signaling is involved in ensuring that...Ch. 11.1 - In liver cells, glycogen Phosphorylase acts in...Ch. 11.1 - Prob. 3CCCh. 11.2 - Nerve growth factor (NGF) is a water-soluble...Ch. 11.2 - WHAT IF? What would the effect be if a cell made...Ch. 11.2 - MAKE CONNECTIONS How is ligand binding similar to...Ch. 11.2 - Prob. 4CCCh. 11.3 - What is a protein kinase, and what is its role in...Ch. 11.3 - When a signal transduction pathway involves a...Ch. 11.3 - What is the actual signal that is being transduced...
Ch. 11.3 - WHAT IF? If you exposed a cell to a ligand that...Ch. 11.4 - How can a targct cell's response to a single...Ch. 11.4 - WHAT IF? If two cells have different scaffolding...Ch. 11.4 - Prob. 3CCCh. 11.5 - Give an example of apoptosis during embryonic...Ch. 11.5 - WH AT IF? If apoptosis occurred when it should...Ch. 11 - What determines whether a cell responds to a...Ch. 11 - How are the structures of a GPCR and an RTK...Ch. 11 - What is the difference between a protein kinase...Ch. 11 - What mechanisms in the cell terminale its response...Ch. 11 - What is an explanation for the similarities...Ch. 11 - Binding of a signaling molecule to which type of...Ch. 11 - The activation of receptor tyrosinc kinases is...Ch. 11 - Lipid-soluble signaling molecules, such as...Ch. 11 - Consider this pathway: epinephrine G...Ch. 11 - Apoptosis involves all but which of the following?...Ch. 11 - Which Observation suggestcd to Sutherland the...Ch. 11 - Protein phosphorylation is commonly involved with...Ch. 11 - DRAW IT Draw the following apoptotic pathway,...Ch. 11 - EVOLUTION CONNECTION Identify the evolutlonary...Ch. 11 - Prob. 10TYUCh. 11 - SCIENCE, TECHNOLOGY, AND SOCIETY The aging process...Ch. 11 - WRITE ABOUT A THEME: ORGANIZATION The properties...Ch. 11 - SYNTHESIZE YOUR KNOWLEDGE There are five basic...
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- Researchers have found that a certain signal transduction pathway, illustrated in the figure below, may be responsible for the development of cancer in pancreatic cells. In normal pancreatic cells, where the pathway remains inactive, a membrane-bound receptor called Ptc inhibits a downstream protein known as Smo. The inhibition of Smo blocks the activa- tion of a complex of proteins known as the HSC, which results in the cleaving of one of its proteins called Ci. The cleaving of Ci, in turn, prevents the pathway from initiating the syn- thesis of division-facilitating enzymes. A Ptc B Smo с inhibition D A model of a Ptc signal transduction pathway under normal conditions. HSC Ci cleavage A certain protein called the Hedgehog protein (Hh) is found to activate this signal transduction pathway and trigger uninterruptable cell division. cell division not initiated Which of the following describes the most plausible mechanism by which Hh triggers uninterruptable cell division? Hh binds to…arrow_forwardWhat is the main benefit of cell signaling via direct physical contact and cell signaling over short distqnces (ex.: nerve cell signaling)?arrow_forwardThe G protein coupled receptor (GPCR) pathway elicits diverse intracellular responses in different cells. The basic steps of GPCR signaling are outlined in this diagram. Which of the following statements correctly describes the process of GPCR signaling? The GPCR activation is reversible after the signal of the ligand diminishes. The membrane-embedded enzyme uses GTP as a secondary messenger to initiate gene expression. The ligand attaches to both the GPCR and the membrane-embedded enzyme to activate the GPCR pathway. The ligand-bound GPCR sends a GTP molecule to an enzyme in the membrane and switches it into an active state.arrow_forward
- Explain, in detail, how tyrosine kinase proteins are involved in one signal transduction pathway of your choice. Make sure you describe the complete pathway in which it is involved. Then, describe how you would experimentally demonstrate the requirement of a tyrosine kinase protein in your chosen pathway.arrow_forwardYou perform a competition study on a GPCR. You have isolated the plasma membrane from cells which contains the GPCR of interest. If an agonist and an inverse agonist are at equal concentrations in your study but the inverse agonist has a 10 x higher affinity for the receptor than the agonist, what would you expect to be the overall outcome to be? More of the agonist is bound and so most of the receptor is in its active conformation and is stimulated More of the inverse agonist is bound and so most of the receptor is in its inactive conformation and is unstimulated.arrow_forwardEukaryotic signal transduction pathways often involve multiple proteins transmitting a signal from the cell surface to the nucleus. What advantage is gained through the use of multiple steps? Many signal transduction pathways are used in different cell types for entirely different purposes, leading to the transcription of different genes. How might different cell types be able to use a single signal transduction pathway to bring about such different results?arrow_forward
- Outline the general features of a signal transduction pathwaystarting with binding of a PAMP by a membrane-associated PRR.arrow_forwardWhat are the three types of cell signal receptors found in the plasma membrane?arrow_forwardName three features common to the activation of cytokine receptors and receptor tyrosine kinases. Name one difference with respect to the enzyme activity of these receptors.arrow_forward
- GTP is an important high-energy molecule that facilitates the activation of many cellular sig- nal transduction pathways. Certain genetic dysfunctions can inhibit the ability of a cell to synthesize GTP. Which of the following describes the most direct result of GTP synthesis inhibition? A B с D The cell would be able to carry out reception and transduction but would not be able to produce the cellular response in the relevant signal transduction pathway. The G protein-coupled receptor will not be able to bind corresponding ligands, inhibiting the reception components of the relevant signal transduction pathway. The cell will use ATP instead of GTP to activate the G protein on the intracellular region of the G protein-coupled receptor. The cell would not be able to activate G proteins on the intracellular regions of G pro- tein-coupled receptors.arrow_forward3) The “Met" receptor is a membrane receptor protein responsible for initiating signal transduction pathways that cause cells to divide, among other things. After the Met receptor has been stimulated by its specific growth factor, another protein called c- Cbl will bind to the Met receptor. C-Cbl will then attach a chain of small proteins called ubiquitin to the Met receptor. These chains of ubiquitin help the cell recognize that the Met receptor should undergo receptor-mediated endocytosis, which eventually leads to the destruction of the Met receptor. Circle any answer or answers that include mutations that could cause the cell to potentially become a cancer cell. A) a mutation causing there to be too much ubiquitin protein produced. B) a mutation causing c-Cbl to be inactivated. C) a mutation causing ubiquitin to be inactivated. D) a mutation causing there to be too few Met receptors produced. E) a mutation causing the Met receptor to no longer be able to bind to its growth factor.…arrow_forwardAs a cancer researcher, which segment of the signal transduction pathway would you target to prevent the spread of cancer and why?arrow_forward
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