Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
8th Edition
ISBN: 9780073398174
Author: Yunus A. Cengel Dr., Michael A. Boles
Publisher: McGraw-Hill Education
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Chapter 1.11, Problem 29P
To determine
Define specific gravity and show how it is correlated to density.
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A viscoelastic column is made of a material with a creep compliance of
D(t)= 0.75+0.5log10t+0.18(log10t)^2 GPA^-1
for t in s. If a constant compressive stress of σ0 = –100 MPa is applied at t = 0, how long will it take (= t1/2) for the height of the column to decrease to ½ its original value? Note: You will obtain multiple answers for this problem! One makes sense physically and one does not.
A group of 23 power transistors, dissipating 2 W each, are to be cooled by attaching them to a black-anodized square aluminum plate and mounting the plate on the wall of a room at 30°C. The emissivity of the transistor and the plate surfaces is 0.9. Assuming the heat transfer from the back side of the plate to be negligible and the temperature of the surrounding surfaces to be the same as the air temperature of the room, determine the length of the square plate if the average surface temperature of the plate is not to exceed 50°C. Start the iteration process with an initial guess of the size of the plate as 43 cm.
The properties of air at 1 atm and the film temperature of (Ts + T)/2 = (50 + 30)/2 = 40°C are k = 0.02662 W/m·°C, ν = 1.702 × 10–5 m2 /s, Pr = 0.7255, and β = 0.003195 K–1.
Multiple Choice
0.473 m
0.284 m
0.513 m
0.671 m
A 40-cm-diameter, 127-cm-high cylindrical hot water tank is located in the bathroom of a house maintained at 20°C. The surface
temperature of the tank is measured to be 44°C and its emissivity is 0.4. Taking the surrounding surface temperature to be also 20°C,
determine the rate of heat loss from all surfaces of the tank by natural convection and radiation.
The properties of air at 32°C are k=0.02603 W/m-K, v=1.627 x 10-5 m²/s, Pr = 0.7276, and ẞ = 0.003279 K-1
The rate of heat loss from all surfaces of the tank by natural convection is
The rate of heat loss from all surfaces of the tank by radiation is
W.
W.
Chapter 1 Solutions
Thermodynamics: An Engineering Approach
Ch. 1.11 - What is the difference between the classical and...Ch. 1.11 - The value of the gravitational acceleration g...Ch. 1.11 - One of the most amusing things a person can...Ch. 1.11 - An office worker claims that a cup of cold coffee...Ch. 1.11 - 1–5C What is the difference between kg-mass and...Ch. 1.11 - Explain why the light-year has the dimension of...Ch. 1.11 - What is the net force acting on a car cruising at...Ch. 1.11 - 1–8 At 45° latitude, the gravitational...Ch. 1.11 - What is the weight, in N, of an object with a mass...Ch. 1.11 - A 3-kg plastic tank that has a volume of 0.2 m3 is...
Ch. 1.11 - Prob. 11PCh. 1.11 - Prob. 12PCh. 1.11 - Solve Prob. 113 using appropriate software. Print...Ch. 1.11 - A 4-kW resistance heater in a water heater runs...Ch. 1.11 - A 150-lbm astronaut took his bathroom scale (a...Ch. 1.11 - The gas tank of a car is filled with a nozzle that...Ch. 1.11 - Prob. 17PCh. 1.11 - A large fraction of the thermal energy generated...Ch. 1.11 - Prob. 19PCh. 1.11 - 1–20C A can or soft drink at room temperature is...Ch. 1.11 - What is the difference between intensive and...Ch. 1.11 - Is the number of moles of a substance contained in...Ch. 1.11 - Is the state of the air in an isolated room...Ch. 1.11 - The specific weight of a system is defined as the...Ch. 1.11 - What is a quasi-equilibrium process? What is its...Ch. 1.11 - Define the isothermal, isobaric, and isochoric...Ch. 1.11 - Prob. 27PCh. 1.11 - Prob. 28PCh. 1.11 - 1–29C What is specific gravity? How is it related...Ch. 1.11 - 1–31C What are the ordinary and absolute...Ch. 1.11 - Prob. 32PCh. 1.11 - Prob. 33PCh. 1.11 - Prob. 34PCh. 1.11 - Prob. 35PCh. 1.11 - Prob. 36PCh. 1.11 - Prob. 37PCh. 1.11 - Prob. 38PCh. 1.11 - The temperature of a system drops by 45F during a...Ch. 1.11 - Explain why some people experience nose bleeding...Ch. 1.11 - A health magazine reported that physicians...Ch. 1.11 - Someone claims that the absolute pressure in a...Ch. 1.11 - 1–43C Express Pascal’s law, and give a real-world...Ch. 1.11 - Consider two identical fans, one at sea level and...Ch. 1.11 - A vacuum gage connected to a chambee reads 35 kPa...Ch. 1.11 - Prob. 46PCh. 1.11 - 1–47E The pressure in a water line is 1500 kPa....Ch. 1.11 - 1–48E If the pressure inside a rubber balloon is...Ch. 1.11 - A manometer is used to measure the air pressure in...Ch. 1.11 - 1–50 The water in a tank is pressurized by air,...Ch. 1.11 - 1–51 Determine the atmospheric pressure at a...Ch. 1.11 - A 200-pound man has a total foot imprint area of...Ch. 1.11 - The gage pressure in a liquid at a depth of 3 m is...Ch. 1.11 - The absolute pressure in water at a depth of 9 m...Ch. 1.11 - 1–55E Determine the pressure exerted on the...Ch. 1.11 - 1–56 Consider a 70-kg woman who has a total foot...Ch. 1.11 - Prob. 57PCh. 1.11 - The barometer of a mountain hiker reads 750 mbars...Ch. 1.11 - The basic barometer can be used to measure the...Ch. 1.11 - Prob. 61PCh. 1.11 - A gas is contained in a vertical, frictionless...Ch. 1.11 - Reconsider Prob. 158. Using appropriate software,...Ch. 1.11 - Both a gage and a manometer are attached to a gas...Ch. 1.11 - Reconsider Prob. 161. Using appropriate software,...Ch. 1.11 - A manometer containing oil ( = 850 kg/m3) is...Ch. 1.11 - A mercury manometer ( = 13.600 kg/m3) is connected...Ch. 1.11 - Repeat Prob. 165 for a differential mercury height...Ch. 1.11 - The pressure in a natural gas pipeline is measured...Ch. 1.11 - Repeat Prob. 167E by replacing air with oil with a...Ch. 1.11 - Blood pressure is usually measure by wrapping a...Ch. 1.11 - The maximum blood pressure in the upper arm of a...Ch. 1.11 - Prob. 73PCh. 1.11 - Consider a U-tube whose arms are open to the...Ch. 1.11 - Consider a double-fluid manometer attached to an...Ch. 1.11 - Prob. 76PCh. 1.11 - Prob. 77PCh. 1.11 - Calculate the absolute pressure. P1, of the...Ch. 1.11 - Consider the manometer in Fig. 173. If the...Ch. 1.11 - Consider the manometer in Fig. 173. If the...Ch. 1.11 - Consider the system shown in Fig. 177. If a change...Ch. 1.11 - What is the value of the engineering software...Ch. 1.11 - Determine a positive real root of this equation...Ch. 1.11 - Solve this system of three equations with three...Ch. 1.11 - Solve this system of three equations with three...Ch. 1.11 - The reactive force developed by a jet engine to...Ch. 1.11 - A man goes to a traditional market to buy a steak...Ch. 1.11 - What is the weight of a 1-kg substance in N, kN,...Ch. 1.11 - A hydraulic lift is to be used to lift a 1900-kg...Ch. 1.11 - Prob. 92RPCh. 1.11 - Prob. 93RPCh. 1.11 - Prob. 94RPCh. 1.11 - Prob. 95RPCh. 1.11 - Prob. 96RPCh. 1.11 - It is well known that cold air feels much colder...Ch. 1.11 - Reconsider Prob. 1116E. Using appropriate...Ch. 1.11 - A vertical pistoncylinder device contains a gas at...Ch. 1.11 - An air-conditioning system requires a 35-m-long...Ch. 1.11 - The average body temperature of a person rises by...Ch. 1.11 - Balloons are often filled with helium gas because...Ch. 1.11 - Reconsider Prob. 1101. Using appropriate software,...Ch. 1.11 - Determine the maximum amount of load, in kg, the...Ch. 1.11 - The lower half of a 6-m-high cylindrical container...Ch. 1.11 - A vertical, frictionless pistoncylinder device...Ch. 1.11 - A pressure cooker cooks a lot faster than an...Ch. 1.11 - Prob. 108RPCh. 1.11 - Consider a U-tube whose arms are open to the...Ch. 1.11 - Prob. 110RPCh. 1.11 - A water pipe is connected to a double-U manometer...Ch. 1.11 - A gasoline line is connected to a pressure gage...Ch. 1.11 - Repeat Prob. 1110 for a pressure gage reading of...Ch. 1.11 - The average atmosphere pressure on earth is...Ch. 1.11 - Prob. 115RPCh. 1.11 - Prob. 116RPCh. 1.11 - Consider the flow of air through a wind turbine...Ch. 1.11 - The drag force exerted on a car by air depends on...Ch. 1.11 - An apple loses 3.6 kJ of heat as it cools per C...Ch. 1.11 - Consider a fish swimming 5 m below the free...Ch. 1.11 - The atmospheric pressures at the top and the...Ch. 1.11 - Consider a 2.5-m-deep swimming pool. The pressure...Ch. 1.11 - During a heating process, the temperature of an...Ch. 1.11 - At sea level, the weight of 1 kg mass in SI units...
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- A 2.5-m-long thin vertical plate is subjected to uniform heat flux on one side, while the other side is exposed to cool air at 5°C. The plate surface has an emissivity of 0.73, and its midpoint temperature is 55°C. Determine the heat flux subjected on the plate surface. Uniform heat flux -Plate, € = 0.73 Cool air 5°C 7 TSUIT Given: The properties of water at Tf,c= 30°C. k=0.02588 W/m.K, v=1.608 x 10-5 m²/s Pr = 0.7282 The heat flux subjected on the plate surface is W/m²arrow_forwardHot water is flowing at an average velocity of 5.82 ft/s through a cast iron pipe (k=30 Btu/h-ft-°F) whose inner and outer diameters are 1.0 in and 1.2 in, respectively. The pipe passes through a 50-ft-long section of a basement whose temperature is 60°F. The emissivity of the outer surface of the pipe is 0.5, and the walls of the basement are also at about 60°F. If the inlet temperature of the water is 150°F and the heat transfer coefficient on the inner surface of the pipe is 30 Btu/h-ft².°F, determine the temperature drop of water as it passes through the basement. Evaluate air properties at a film temperature of 105°C and 1 atm pressure. The properties of air at 1 atm and the film temperature of (Ts+ T∞)/2 = (150+60)/2 = 105°F are k=0.01541 Btu/h-ft-°F. v=0.1838 × 10-3 ft2/s, Pr = 0.7253, and ẞ = 0.00177R-1arrow_forwardhand-written solutions only, please. correct answers upvoted!arrow_forward
- hand-written solutions only, please. correct answers upvoted!arrow_forward! Required information Consider a flat-plate solar collector placed horizontally on the flat roof of a house. The collector is 1.3 m wide and 2.8 m long, and the average temperature of the exposed surface of the collector is 42°C. The properties of air at 1 atm and the film temperature are k=0.02551 W/m-°C, v = 1.562 × 10-5 m²/s, Pr = 0.7286, and ẞ= 0.003356 K-1 Determine the rate of heat loss from the collector by natural convection during a calm day when the ambient air temperature is 8°C. The rate of heat loss from the collector by natural convection is W.arrow_forwardhand-written solutions only, please. correct answers upvoted!arrow_forward
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