The amount of Sodium chloride required to prepare 1 .0 L aqueous solution of Sodium chloride has to be calculated. Concept Introduction: When a semi-permeable membrane, separates a solution and pure solvent. The solvent molecules are passed through the semi permeable membrane. There is gradual increase in the volume of solution with a decrease in volume of the solvent with respect to time. The flow of solvent through a semi-permeable membrane into the solution is called as osmosis. By the time system reaches equilibrium, the changes in the liquid level stops. There is a higher hydrostatic pressure on the solution than compared to that of the pure solvent because there is variation in the liquid levels at this point. The excess pressure on the solution is called osmotic pressure. The osmotic pressure of solution is calculated by using, π =MRT Here, π = osmotic pressure(in atm) M=molarity of solution(in M) R= Gas Law constant L atm T=Temperature(in K)
The amount of Sodium chloride required to prepare 1 .0 L aqueous solution of Sodium chloride has to be calculated. Concept Introduction: When a semi-permeable membrane, separates a solution and pure solvent. The solvent molecules are passed through the semi permeable membrane. There is gradual increase in the volume of solution with a decrease in volume of the solvent with respect to time. The flow of solvent through a semi-permeable membrane into the solution is called as osmosis. By the time system reaches equilibrium, the changes in the liquid level stops. There is a higher hydrostatic pressure on the solution than compared to that of the pure solvent because there is variation in the liquid levels at this point. The excess pressure on the solution is called osmotic pressure. The osmotic pressure of solution is calculated by using, π =MRT Here, π = osmotic pressure(in atm) M=molarity of solution(in M) R= Gas Law constant L atm T=Temperature(in K)
Solution Summary: The author explains the amount of Sodium chloride required to prepare aqueous solution. The flow of solvent through the semi-permeable membrane is called osmosis.
Interpretation: The amount of Sodium chloride required to prepare
1.0L aqueous solution of Sodium chloride has to be calculated.
Concept Introduction:
When a semi-permeable membrane, separates a solution and pure solvent. The solvent molecules are passed through the semi permeable membrane. There is gradual increase in the volume of solution with a decrease in volume of the solvent with respect to time. The flow of solvent through a semi-permeable membrane into the solution is called as osmosis. By the time system reaches equilibrium, the changes in the liquid level stops. There is a higher hydrostatic pressure on the solution than compared to that of the pure solvent because there is variation in the liquid levels at this point. The excess pressure on the solution is called osmotic pressure.
The osmotic pressure of solution is calculated by using,
Predict the major organic product(s) of the following reactions. Indicate which of the following mechanisms is in operation: SN1, SN2, E1, or E2.
(c)
(4pts)
Mechanism:
heat
(E1)
CH3OH
+
1.5pts each
_E1 _ (1pt)
Br
CH3OH
(d)
(4pts)
Mechanism:
SN1
(1pt)
(e)
(3pts)
1111 I
H
10
Ill!!
H
LDA
THF (solvent)
Mechanism: E2
(1pt)
NC
(f)
Bri!!!!!
CH3
NaCN
(3pts)
acetone
Mechanism: SN2
(1pt)
(SN1)
-OCH3
OCH3
1.5pts each
2pts for either product
1pt if incorrect
stereochemistry
H
Br
(g)
“,、
(3pts)
H
CH3OH
+21
Mechanism:
SN2
(1pt)
H
CH3
2pts
1pt if incorrect
stereochemistry
H
2pts
1pt if incorrect
stereochemistry
A mixture of butyl acrylate and 4'-chloropropiophenone has been taken for proton NMR analysis. Based on this proton NMR, determine the relative percentage of each compound in the mixture