
Concept explainers
Specifications for lactated Ringer’s solution, which is used for intravenous (IV) injections, are as follows to reach 100. mL of solution:
285−315 mg Na+
14.1−17.3 mg K+
4.9−Q.O mg Ca2+
368−408 mg Cl−
231−261 mg lactate, C3H5O3−
a. Specify the amount of NaCl, KCl, CaCl2 · 2H2O, and NaC3H5O3 needed to prepare 100. mL lactated Ringer’s solution.
b. What is the range of the osmotic pressure of the solution at 37°C, given the preceding specifications?

Interpretation: The amount of reagents required and range of osmotic pressure has to be calculated.
Concept Introduction: The mass of the compound is calculated by taking the products of molar mass of the compound to the given mass. The mass of compound can be given by,
Colligative properties of a substance include the depression in the freezing point, elevation of boiling-point and osmotic pressure. These are dependant only on the number present and not based on the solute particles present in an ideal solution.
The osmotic pressure can be given by the equation,
Answer to Problem 138CP
The range of osmotic pressure is
Explanation of Solution
Record the given info
Mass of Sodium =
Mass of Potassium =
Mass of Calcium =
Mass of Chlorine =
Mass of Lactate =
To calculate the mass of individual elements
Molar mass of Sodium lactate =
Molar mass of Lactate =
Molar mass of
Molecular mass of Calcium =
Molar mass of
Molecular weight of Potassium =
Molar mass of
Molecular mass of Sodium=
The average values for each ion are,
The source of Lactate is
Mass of Lactate =
The source of
Mass of
The source of
Mass of
Mass of
Additional amount of Sodium
Mass of Sodium added =
Mass of
Total
Therefore,
Record the given info
Mass of Sodium =
Mass of Potassium =
Mass of Calcium =
Mass of Chlorine =
Mass of Lactate =
To calculate the minimum and maximum concentrations of ions
Molar mass of Lactate =
Molecular mass of Calcium =
Molecular weight of Potassium =
Molecular mass of Sodium=
At minimum concentration,
Molarity of Sodium =
Molarity of Potassium =
Molarity of Lactate =
Molarity of Calcium =
Molarity of Chlorine =
The total concentration =
=
At maximum concentration,
Molarity of Sodium =
Molarity of Potassium =
Molarity of Lactate =
Molarity of Calcium =
Molarity of Chlorine =
The total concentration=
=
The total concentration of ions for minimum and maximum concentration is calculated by using the summing the molarities of individual ions. The molarities of individual ions are calculated using the minimum and maximum moles to their molecular masses. The total concentrations at minimum and maximum concentrations are
To calculate the osmotic pressure at minimum and maximum concentration
At minimum concentration,
At maximum concentration,
At minimum concentration, osmotic pressure=
At maximum concentration, osmotic pressure=
The mass of individual elements was calculated using their respective molar mass and molecular weight and the given weight. A typical analytical balance can nearly measure to
The osmotic pressure at minimum and maximum concentrations was calculated using the molarities at minimum and maximum concentration. The osmotic pressure at minimum and maximum concentrations were
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