Chapter 11, Problem 3PS

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The intermolecular force that must be overcome to convert from liquid oxygen to gas has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

London dispersion force also called an induced dipole-induced dipole attraction is a temporary attractive force that results when the electrons in two adjacent atoms occupy positions that make the atoms form temporary dipoles.

Dipole-dipole interaction results when two dipolar molecules interact with each other through space, there occurs a partially negative charge of one of the polar molecules is attracted to the partially positive charge of the second polar molecule.

Ion-dipole interaction results of an electrostatic interaction between a charged ion and a molecule that has a dipole.

A hydrogen bonding is partially an electrostatic attraction between $\text{H}$ atom which is bonded to more electronegative atom such as $\text{N, O, or}\text{F}$ and another adjacent atom bearing a lone pair of electron

(b).

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The intermolecular force that must be overcome to convert from liquid mercury to gas has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).

(c).

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The intermolecular force that must be overcome to convert from liquid methyl iodide to gas has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).

(d).

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The intermolecular force that must be overcome to convert from liquid ethanol to gas has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Refer part (a).