Concept explainers
a.
To determine:
The one-letter abbreviation for the given
Introduction:
There are two types of nitrogenous bases in DNA: purines and pyrimidines. Adenine and guanine are the purine bases that are double ring structures. Cytosine and thymine are the pyrimidines bases that have single ring structure.
b.
To determine:
Whether the given strand is of DNA or RNA.
Introduction:
There are two types of nitrogenous bases in DNA: purines and pyrimidines. Adenine and guanine are the purine bases that are double ring structures. Cytosine and thymine are the pyrimidines bases that have single ring structure.
c.
To determine:
The abbreviation to the DNA strand with complementary bases to the one given in part a. and also indicate
Introduction:
There are two types of nitrogenous bases in DNA: purines and pyrimidines. Adenine and guanine are the purine bases that are double ring structures. Cytosine and thymine are the pyrimidines bases that have single ring structure.
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General, Organic, and Biological Chemistry (3rd Edition)
- a Describe the three components of a nucleotide. b How does the structure of an RNA nucleotide differ from that of a DNA nucleotide?arrow_forwardDraw the Lewis diagram for the DNA fragment that is complementary to the guanine-thymine-adenine DNA fragment.arrow_forwardAlthough RNA is single-stranded, the strand sometimes folds back on itself to give a complementary portion. What would be the complementary portion of the RNA fragment having the bases uracil-cytosine-guanine? A virus is a particle that contains DNA or RNA that is surrounded by a coat of protein that can replicate only in a host cell. The influencza virus shown in this electron microscope image is an RNA virus.arrow_forward
- Must the ratio of guanine to cytosine be 1:1 in RNA? Explain.arrow_forwardThe base sequences in mRNA that code for certain amino acids are Glu: GAA, GAG Val: GUU, GUC, GUA, GUG Met: AUG Trp: UGG Phe: UUU, UUC Asp: GAU, GAC These sequences are complementary to the sequences in DNA. a. Give the corresponding sequences in DNA for the amino acids listed above. b. Give a DNA sequence that would code for the peptide trp-glu-phe-met. c. How many different DNA sequences can code for the tetrapeptide in part b? d. What is the peptide that is produced from the DNA sequence TACCTGAAG? e. What other DNA sequences would yield the same tripeptide as in part d?arrow_forwardThere are 41 = 4 mononucleotides of DNA, there are 42 = 16 possible dinucleotides, and so on. If a segment of DNA were completely random, how many nucleotides long would it need to be in order to have one possible sequence for each person on Earth (currently about 7.5 billion people)?arrow_forward
- Describe the structural differences between DNA and RNA. The monomers in nucleic acids are called nucleotides. What are the three parts of a nucleotide? The compounds adenine, guanine, cytosine, and thymine are called the nucleic acid bases. What structural features in these compounds make them bases? DNA exhibits a double-helical structure. Explain. Describe how the complementary base pairing between the two individual strands of DNA forms the overall double-helical structure. How is complementary base pairing involved in the replication of the DNA molecule during cell division? Describe how protein synthesis occurs. What is a codon, and what is a gene? The deletion of a single base from a DNA molecule can constitute a fatal mutation, whereas substitution of one base for another is often not as serious a mutation. Explain.arrow_forward(a) How many tripeptides can be made from glycine, alanine, and leucine, using each amino acid only once per tripeptide? (b) Write the structural formulas of these tripeptides and name them in the shorthand abbreviation used for showing amino acid sequences.arrow_forward
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