Anatomy & Physiology
5th Edition
ISBN: 9780321861580
Author: Marieb, Elaine N.
Publisher: Pearson College Div
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 11, Problem 19CYU
Summary Introduction
To review:
The excitation of skeletal muscle and inhibition of heart muscle by Ach.
Introduction:
ACh, also known as acetylcholine, is a neurotransmitter that is mainly released at the neuromuscular junctions. It is often synthesized from acetic acid and choline under the influence of an enzyme called choline acetyltransferase. ACh is then transported into the synaptic vesicles, from which it is then released at a synapse by exocytosis of the synaptic vesicle with the presynaptic membrane.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solutionStudents have asked these similar questions
What will addition of tubocurarine to a piece of live tissue do to its response to electrical stimulation (with regards to muscle twitches)?
What stores CA+ in the muscle cells and what stores CA+ as a reservoir in the human body?
Cardiac and skeletal muscle are both “striated” types of muscle and yet they have very distinct functional characteristics. a) Skeletal muscle functions as discrete motor units and the cardiac muscle works as a functional syncytium. Define the italicized terms in the previous sentence, explain their importance, and describe the cellular features that underlie these functional differences. b) Cardiac muscle exhibits automaticity, while excitation of skeletal muscle is neurogenic. Define the italicized terms and provide a brief explanation of mechanisms underlying each.
Chapter 11 Solutions
Anatomy & Physiology
Ch. 11 - What is meant by integration, and does it...Ch. 11 - Which subdivision of the PNS is involved in (a)...Ch. 11 - Which type of neuroglia controls the extracellular...Ch. 11 - Which two types of neuroglia form insulating...Ch. 11 - MAKING CONNECTIONS Which part of the neuron is its...Ch. 11 - How does a nucleus within the brain differ from a...Ch. 11 - How is a myelin sheath formed in the CNS, and what...Ch. 11 - Which structural and functional type of neuron is...Ch. 11 - For an open channel, what factors determine in...Ch. 11 - For which cation is there the greatest amount of...
Ch. 11 - Which is bigger, a graded potential or an action...Ch. 11 - An action potential does not get smaller as it...Ch. 11 - Why does a myelinated axon conduct action...Ch. 11 - If an axon receives two stimuli close together in...Ch. 11 - What structure joins two neurons at an electrical...Ch. 11 - Events at a chemical synapse usually involve...Ch. 11 - Which ions flow through chemically gated channels...Ch. 11 - Prob. 18CYUCh. 11 - Prob. 19CYUCh. 11 - Why is cyclic AMP called a second messenger?Ch. 11 - Which types of neural circuits would give a...Ch. 11 - Prob. 22CYUCh. 11 - What pattern of neural processing occurs when we...Ch. 11 - Which of the following structures is not part of...Ch. 11 - Match the names of the supporting cells found in...Ch. 11 - Prob. 3RQCh. 11 - Assume that an EPSP is being generated on the...Ch. 11 - The velocity of nerve impulse conduction is...Ch. 11 - Chemical synapses are characterized by all of the...Ch. 11 - Biogenic amine neurotransmitters include all but...Ch. 11 - Prob. 8RQCh. 11 - Inhibition of acetylcholinesterase by poisoning...Ch. 11 - Prob. 10RQCh. 11 - An IPSP is inhibitory because (a) it...Ch. 11 - Identify the neuronal circuits described by...Ch. 11 - Explain both the anatomical and functional...Ch. 11 - (a) Describe the composition and function of the...Ch. 11 - (a) What is myelin? (b) How does the myelination...Ch. 11 - (a) Contrast unipolar, bipolar, and multipolar...Ch. 11 - What is the polarized membrane state? How is it...Ch. 11 - Describe the events that must occur to generate an...Ch. 11 - Prob. 19RQCh. 11 - (a) Explain the difference between an EPSP and an...Ch. 11 - Since at any moment a neuron is likely to have...Ch. 11 - The effects of neurotransmitter binding are very...Ch. 11 - Prob. 23RQCh. 11 - Prob. 24RQCh. 11 - Elaine Sawyer, 35, was on her way to the local...Ch. 11 - Elaine Sawyer, 35, was on her way to the local...Ch. 11 - Elaine Sawyer, 35, was on her way to the local...Ch. 11 - Elaine Sawyer, 35, was on her way to the local...Ch. 11 - Elaine Sawyer, 35, was on her way to the local...
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biology and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- Why would cardiac muscle cells and some smooth muscle cells.continue to contract even when their nerve supply has been removed or severed?arrow_forwardTable1.Contractionofsmoothmusclebythreeagonists Contractileresponse(mm) Loglagonist] (M) -10 -9 -8.5 -8 -7.5 -7 -6.5 -6 -5.5 -5 -4.5 -4 agonist-1 0.2 1.8 4 9.8 14.8 18 19.6 19.4 20 20 20 20 agonist-2 0.2 1 2.6 4 7.6 8.8 9.6 9.8 10 10 agonist-3 0.2 2 5.2 10 14.8 18 19.6 20 a) Experiments were performed on the contraction of smooth muscleusingincreasingconcentrationsofthreeagonistsandtherespo nsesare given in Table 1. The maximum response of the system was 20mm contraction. Calculate the % maximum response of the systemforeachconcentrationofagonistandplotgraphsshowingthede pendence of the response on log [agonist]. Compare the threeagonists in terms of their maximal effect and their potency usingpharmacologicalterms. EIN 5arrow_forwardWhich of both skeletal and smooth muscle is trig-gered by an increase in cytosolic Ca2+.arrow_forward
- Describe three examples from different organ systems by which Ca2+ plays an essential for specific physiological functions. (max 12 sentences)arrow_forward(c) Creatine kinase (CK) is an enzyme that catalyses reactions in heart muscle. High levels of CK in the blood indicate that a person may have had a heart attack. Suggest why high levels of CK in the blood indicate that a person may have had a heart attack. .. [1]arrow_forwardWhat effect does physostigmine have on smooth muscle contraction? a) no effect on the smooth muscle contraction b) inhibit smooth muscle contraction c) stimulates smooth muscle contractionarrow_forward
- If lactic acid is the buildup product of strenuous muscle activity, why is sodium lactate often given to hospital patients intravenously?arrow_forwardContraction of both skeletal and smooth muscle is triggered by an increase in cytosolic Ca2+. Compare the mechanisms by which each type of muscle converts a rise in Ca2+ concentration into contraction.arrow_forwardA woman is having an extremely prolonged labor. From her anatomy andphysiology course, she remembers the role of Ca2+ in muscle contractionand asks the doctor to give her a Ca2+ injection to speed the delivery.Explain why the doctor would or would not do as she requests.arrow_forward
- 147 An investigator is examining the effects of various manipulations on the electrical activity in intestinal smooth muscle. The resting changes in membrane potential are shown between points W and X in the figure shown The observed changes in membrane potential are most likely due to which of the following manipulations occurring at points X and Y, respectively? Point X Point Y B) Acetylcholine administration Epinephrine administration Norepinephrine administration Stretching the smooth muscle C) stretching the smooth muscle acetylcholine administration stretching the smooth muscle sympathetic stimulation vagal afferent stimulation E) Sympathetic stimulation. OOOO Membrane potential (mv) -20- -30- -40- -50- -60- -70- 0 in vrr t 10 15 20 Time (sec) 25 30arrow_forward"Motor neurons trigger action potentials in muscle cell membranes that open voltage-sensitive Ca2+ channels in T tubules, allowing extracellular Ca2+ to enter the cytosol, bind to troponin C, and initiate rapid muscle contraction", is true or false.arrow_forwardAccumulation of which of the following substances in muscle cells is the cause of stiffness and soreness after vigorous exercise?arrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
- Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...BiologyISBN:9781285866932Author:Lauralee SherwoodPublisher:Cengage Learning
Human Physiology: From Cells to Systems (MindTap ...
Biology
ISBN:9781285866932
Author:Lauralee Sherwood
Publisher:Cengage Learning