Chapter 11, Problem 11.63QP

a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of the alkane cyclopentane has to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

IUPAC Nomenclature of cycloalkanes:

• The longest continuous ring of carbon atoms is identified. The prefix is added with ‘cyclo’.
• The substituent groups attached to the parent chain is identified. A substituent group contains group of atoms attached to the carbon atom of the chain.
• While numbering the longest chain, the substituent should get least possible number.
• Write the name of the compound; the parent name written as last part of the name. The name of the substituents is written as prefix and a hyphen separates the number that the substituents attached with carbon. More than one substituent should be written in alphabetical order.

b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of cis-2-butene has to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

IUPAC Nomenclature of alkenes:

• The longest continuous chain of carbon atoms is identified.
• The substituent groups attached to the parent chain is identified. A substituent group contains group of atoms attached to the carbon atom of the chain.
• While numbering the longest chain, the substituent should get least possible number.
• Write the name of the compound; the parent name written as last part of the name. The name of the substituents is written as prefix and a hyphen separates the number that the substituents attached with carbon. More than one substituent should be written in alphabetical order.

Geometric isomers of Alkenes:

Cis-isomer: When two particular atoms (identical group of atoms) are adjacent (on same side) to each other, the alkene is known as cis-isomer.

Trans-isomer: When two particular atoms (identical group of atoms) are opposite from each other, the alkene is known as trans-isomer.

c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of 2-hexanol has to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

IUPAC Nomenclature of alkanes:

• The longest continuous chain of carbon atoms is identified.
• The substituent groups attached to the parent chain is identified. A substituent group contains group of atoms attached to the carbon atom of the chain.
• While numbering the longest chain, the substituent should get least possible number.
• Write the name of the compound; the parent name written as last part of the name. The name of the substituents is written as prefix and a hyphen separates the number that the substituents attached with carbon. More than one substituent should be written in alphabetical order.

d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of 1,4-dibromobenzene has to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

IUPAC Nomenclature of Aromatic compounds:

• The parent compound of aromatic compound is Benzene.
• The substituent groups attached to the parent is identified. A substituent group contains group of atoms attached to the carbon atom of the aromatic ring.
• While numbering the parent, the location of the second group relative to the first substituent uses prefixes like o-ortho (1,2-), m-meta (1,3-), and p-para (1,4) in disubstituted aromatic ring.

e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structure of 2-butyne has to be predicted.

Concept introduction:

IUPAC Nomenclature of alkynes:

• The longest continuous chain of carbon atoms is identified. The suffix is added replaced with ‘yne’.
• The substituent groups attached to the parent chain is identified. A substituent group contains group of atoms attached to the carbon atom of the chain.
• While numbering the longest chain, the substituent should get least possible number.
• Write the name of the compound; the parent name written as last part of the name. The name of the substituents is written as prefix and a hyphen separates the number that the substituents attached with carbon. More than one substituent should be written in alphabetical order.