Chapter 11, Problem 11.57QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The structural isomer, chirality and systematic name should be identified for the given formula of ${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_{\text{8}}{\text{Cl}}_{\text{2}}$

Concept introduction:

Isomer: Molecule has same molecular formula but different structural arrangement is called isomer.

Chiral: Absence of a plane of symmetry or a center of symmetry is called chiral molecule, a non-superimposable on its mirror image is called chiral. A carbon atom is attached by the four different groups is called chiral carbon.

Achiral: Presence of a plane of symmetry or a center of symmetry is called achiral molecule, a superimposable on its mirror image is called achiral. A carbon atom does not have four different groups is called achiral carbon

Geometric isomerism (also known as E-Z isomerism or cis-trans isomerism): same molecular formula but different arrangement in the space. These isomers happen where you have restricted rotation in a molecule (double bond in the molecule). The functional groups are same side in the molecule is cis, the functional groups are opposite side is called trans isomer.

Organic compounds are named systematically by using IUPAC rules.

Name of the organic compounds are given according to the number of carbon present in the molecule for example

A molecule having one carbon atom, the molecule name will start with meth etc.…

If any halogens are present in the molecule, the name of the halogens as follows.

Naming the substituted alkane:

1. (1) Name the parent alkane (long alkyl chain)
2. (2) Number the carbon
3. (3) Name and number the substituent

If the molecules have the multiple substituents, the compound named as di, tri, tetra, penta, ect.

If the molecules having functional group, the name of the compound is given below. Numbering should be starts from the functional group of the given molecule.

The given compound is an alcohol $\left(\text{OH}\right)$, the compound name end up with ol. The name of the compound is given according to the number of carbon atom.

Example is given below