Chapter 11, Problem 11.59QE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The kind of intermolecular force present in ${\text{H}}_{\text{2}}\text{O}$ has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Intermolecular forces:  Intermolecular forces are electrostatic in nature and include van der Waals forces and hydrogen bonds.  Molecules in liquids are held to other molecules by intermolecular interactions, which are weaker than the intramolecular interactions that hold the atoms together within molecules and polyatomic ions.  The three major types of intermolecular interactions are,

• Dipole-dipole interactions
• London dispersion forces
• Hydrogen bonds

Solids can be classified into four types namely,

1. 1) Molecular solids:  In molecular solids, van der Waals forces, hydrogen bonds or both hold most of the atoms or small molecules.
2. 2) Covalent network solids:  In covalent network solid, all the atoms are held in place by covalent bonds.
3. 3) Ionic solids:  In ionic solids, oppositely charged ions are held together by electrostatic attractions that are very strong, comparable in strength to covalent bonds
4. 4) Metallic solids:  Metallic solids are formed by metal atoms and they have metallic bonding present in them.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The kind of intermolecular force present in ${\text{C}}_{\text{6}}{\text{H}}_{\text{6}}$ has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The kind of intermolecular force present in ${\text{CaCl}}_{\text{2}}$ has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The kind of intermolecular force present in ${\text{SiO}}_{\text{2}}$ has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(e)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The kind of intermolecular force present in $\text{Fe}$ has to be identified.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).