The detailed mechanism that illustrates the initiation and addition of the first two monomers in the given polymerization reaction is to be drawn. Concept introduction: Polymerization reactions start with the generation of a reactive species from a monomer molecule. The reactive species may be a radical or a carbocation. This reactive species then adds to another molecule of the monomer to form a dimer. At the same time, a radical or a carbocation is generated on the added molecule, which can continue the addition reaction. In the case of acid-catalyzed alkene polymerization, a proton transfer from the acid to a molecule of alkene generates a carbocation reactive species. This in turn acts as an electrophile and adds to the double bond from another monomer molecule, generating a second, dimeric carbocation. This carbocation will then propagate the polymerization reaction.

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Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 11, Problem 11.55P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism that illustrates the initiation and addition of the first two monomers in the given polymerization reaction is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Polymerization reactions start with the generation of a reactive species from a monomer molecule. The reactive species may be a radical or a carbocation. This reactive species then adds to another molecule of the monomer to form a dimer. At the same time, a radical or a carbocation is generated on the added molecule, which can continue the addition reaction.

In the case of acid-catalyzed alkene polymerization, a proton transfer from the acid to a molecule of alkene generates a carbocation reactive species. This in turn acts as an electrophile and adds to the double bond from another monomer molecule, generating a second, dimeric carbocation. This carbocation will then propagate the polymerization reaction.

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(a 4 shows scanning electron microscope (SEM) images of extruded actions of packing bed for two capillary columns of different diameters, al 750 (bottom image) and b) 30-μm-i.d. Both columns are packed with the same stationary phase, spherical particles with 1-um diameter. A) When the columns were prepared, the figure shows that the column with the larger diameter has more packing irregularities. Explain this observation. B) Predict what affect this should have on band broadening and discuss your prediction using the van Deemter terms. C) Does this figure support your explanations in application question 33? Explain why or why not and make any changes in your answers in light of this figure. Figure 4 SEM images of sections of packed columns for a) 750 and b) 30-um-i.d. capillary columns.³

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34. Figure 3 shows Van Deemter plots for a solute molecule using different column inner diameters (i.d.). A) Predict whether decreasing the column inner diameters increase or decrease bandwidth. B) Predict which van Deemter equation coefficient (A, B, or C) has the greatest effect on increasing or decreasing bandwidth as a function of i.d. and justify your answer. Figure 3 Van Deemter plots for hydroquinone using different column inner diameters (i.d. in μm). The data was obtained from liquid chromatography experiments using fused-silica capillary columns packed with 1.0-μm particles. 35 20 H(um) 큰 20 15 90 0+ 1500 100 75 550 01 02 594 05 μ(cm/sec) 30 15 10

Answer 2

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Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 11, Problem 11.55P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism that illustrates the initiation and addition of the first two monomers in the given polymerization reaction is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Polymerization reactions start with the generation of a reactive species from a monomer molecule. The reactive species may be a radical or a carbocation. This reactive species then adds to another molecule of the monomer to form a dimer. At the same time, a radical or a carbocation is generated on the added molecule, which can continue the addition reaction.

In the case of acid-catalyzed alkene polymerization, a proton transfer from the acid to a molecule of alkene generates a carbocation reactive species. This in turn acts as an electrophile and adds to the double bond from another monomer molecule, generating a second, dimeric carbocation. This carbocation will then propagate the polymerization reaction.

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Answer 3

Question

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 11, Problem 11.55P

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The detailed mechanism that illustrates the initiation and addition of the first two monomers in the given polymerization reaction is to be drawn.

Concept introduction:

Polymerization reactions start with the generation of a reactive species from a monomer molecule. The reactive species may be a radical or a carbocation. This reactive species then adds to another molecule of the monomer to form a dimer. At the same time, a radical or a carbocation is generated on the added molecule, which can continue the addition reaction.

In the case of acid-catalyzed alkene polymerization, a proton transfer from the acid to a molecule of alkene generates a carbocation reactive species. This in turn acts as an electrophile and adds to the double bond from another monomer molecule, generating a second, dimeric carbocation. This carbocation will then propagate the polymerization reaction.

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Check out a sample textbook solution

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Answer 4

Question

Definition Definition Chemical process in which one or more monomers combine to produce a very large chain-like molecule called a polymer. The functional groups present on the monomers and their steric effects are responsible for polymerization through a sequence of reactions that vary in complexity. There exists a stable covalent chemical bond between monomers that sets apart polymerization from other processes.

Chapter 11, Problem 11.55P

Interpretation Introduction