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Assume that the speed of sound in air is 340 m/s for all of these problems unless stated otherwise.
Antarctic ice Radio waves travel at a speed of
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- (a) At an air show a jet flies directly toward the stands at a speed of 1200 km/h, emitting a frequency of 3500 Hz, on a day when the speed of sound is 342 m/s. What frequency is received by the observers? (b) What frequency do they receive as the plane flies directly away from them?arrow_forwardDuring a thunderstorm, a frightened child is soothed by learning to estimate the distance to a lightning strike by counting the time between seeing the lightning and hearing the thunder (Fig. P2.25). The speed vs of sound in air depends on the air temperature, but assume the value is 343 m/s. The speed of light c is 3.00 108 m/s. a. A child sees the lightning and then counts to eight slowly before hearing the thunder. Assume the light travel time is negligible. Estimate the distance to the lightning strike. b. Using your estimate in part (a), find the light travel time. Is it fair to neglect the light travel time? c. Think about how time was measured in this problem. Is it fair to neglect the difference between the speed of sound in cold air (vs at 0C = 331.4 m/s) and the speed of sound in very warm air (vs at 40C = 355.4 m/s)?arrow_forwardA yellow submarine traveling horizontally at 11.0 m/s uses sonar with a frequency of 5.27 103 Hz. A red submarine is in front of the yellow submarine and moving 3.00 m/s relative to the water in the same direction. A crewman in the red submarine observes sound waves (pings) from the yellow submarine. Take the speed of sound in seawater as 1 533 m/s. (a) Write Equation 14.12. (b) Which submarine is the source of the sound? (c) Which submarine carries the observer? (d) Does the motion of the observers submarine increase or decrease the time between the pressure maxima of the incoming sound waves? How does that affect the observed period? The observed frequency? (e) Should the sign of v0 be positive or negative? (f) Does the motion of the source submarine increase or decrease the time observed between the pressure maxima? How does this motion affect the observed period? The observed frequency? (g) What sign should be chosen for vs? (h) Substitute the appropriate numbers and obtain the frequency observed by the crewman on the red submarine.arrow_forward
- Problems 32 and 33 are paired. N Seismic waves travel outward from the epicenter of an earthquake. A single earthquake produces both longitudinal seismic waves known as P waves and transverse waves known as S waves. Both transverse and longitudinal waves can travel through solids such as rock. Longitudinal waves can travel through fluids, whereas transverse waves can only be sustained near the surface of a fluid, not inside the fluid. When seismic waves encounter a fluid medium such as the liquid outer core of the Earth, only the longitudinal P wave can propagate through. Geophysicists can model the interior of the Earth by knowing where and when S and P waves were detected by seismographs after an earthquake (Fig. P17.32). Assume the average speed of an S wave through the Earths mantle is 5.4 km/s and the average speed of a P wave is 9.3 km/s. After an earthquake, a seismograph finds that the P wave arrives 1.5 min before the S wave. How far is the epicenter from the detector? FIGURE P17.32arrow_forward(a) What is the speed of sound in a medium where a 100kHz frequency produces a 5.96cm wavelength? (b) Which substance in Table 17.1 is this likely to be?arrow_forwardA sound wave is modeled with the wave function P=1.20Pasin(kx6.28104s1t) and the sound wave travels in air at a speed of v=343.00 m/s. (a) What is the wave number of the sound wave? (b) What is the value for P(3.00 m, 20.00 s)?arrow_forward
- As a certain sound wave travels through the air, it produces pressure variations (above anti below atmospheric pressure) given by P = 1.27 sin (x - 34t) in SI units. Find (a) the amplitude of the pressure variations. (b) the frequency, (c) the wavelength in air. and (d| the speed of the sound wave.arrow_forwardA dolphin (Fig. P17.7) in seawater at a temperature of 25C emits a sound wave directed toward the ocean floor 150 m below. How much time passes before it hears an echo?arrow_forward(a) What is the speed of sound in a medium where a 100-kHz frequency produces a 5.96-cm wavelength? (b) Which substance in Table 17.1 is this likely to be?arrow_forward
- A siren emits a sound of frequency 1.44103 Hz when it is stationary with respect to an observer. The siren is moving away from a person and toward a cliff at a speed of 15 m/s. Both the cliff and the observer are at rest. Assume the speed of sound in air is 343 m/s. What is the frequency of the sound that the person will hear a. coming directly from the siren and b. reflected from the cliff?arrow_forwardA sound wave traveling in air has a pressure amplitude of 0.5 Pa. What is the intensity of the wave?arrow_forwardA sound wave in air has a pressure amplitude equal to 4.00 103 Pa. Calculate the displacement amplitude of the wave at a frequency of 10.0 kHz.arrow_forward
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