The concentration of solute particles in water has to be calculated. Concept Introduction: When a semipermeable membrane, separates a solution and pure solvent. The solvent molecules are passed through the semi permeable membrane. There is gradual increase in the volume of solution with a decrease in a volume of the solvent with respect to time. The flow of solvent through a semipermeable membrane into the solution is called as osmosis. By the time system reaches equilibrium, the changes in the liquid level stops. There is a higher hydrostatic pressure on the solution than compared to that of the pure solvent because there is variation in the liquid levels at this point. The excess pressure on the solution is called osmotic pressure. The osmotic pressure of solution is calculated by using, Π=MRT Here, Π= osmotic pressure(in atm) M=molarity of solution(in M) R= Gas constant T=Temperature(in K)

Question

Part 1. Draw monomer units of the following products and draw their reaction mechanism 1) Bakelite like polymer Using: Resorcinol + NaOH + Formalin 2) Polyester fiber Using a) pthalic anhydride + anhydrous sodium acetate + ethylene glycol B)pthalic anhydride + anhydrous sodium acetate + glycerol 3) Temporary cross-linked polymer Using: 4% polyvinyl alcohol+ methyl red + 4% sodium borate

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 11, Problem 102AE

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation: The concentration of solute particles in water has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

When a semipermeable membrane, separates a solution and pure solvent. The solvent molecules are passed through the semi permeable membrane. There is gradual increase in the volume of solution with a decrease in a volume of the solvent with respect to time. The flow of solvent through a semipermeable membrane into the solution is called as osmosis.

By the time system reaches equilibrium, the changes in the liquid level stops. There is a higher hydrostatic pressure on the solution than compared to that of the pure solvent because there is variation in the liquid levels at this point. The excess pressure on the solution is called osmotic pressure.

The osmotic pressure of solution is calculated by using,

Π=MRT

Here,

Π= osmotic pressure(in atm)

M=molarity of solution(in M)

R= Gas constant

T=Temperature(in K)

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