Chemistry
Chemistry
9th Edition
ISBN: 9781133611097
Author: Steven S. Zumdahl
Publisher: Cengage Learning
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Chapter 11, Problem 108AE
Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The amount of reagents required and range of osmotic pressure has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

The mass of the compound is calculated by taking the products of molar mass of the compound to the given mass. The mass of compound can be given by,

Massofcompound(ingrams)=Molarmass(ing)×Givenmass(ing)

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 108AE

305.9mg Sodium lactate, 20.0mgCaCl2.2H2O , 29.9mgKCl and 601.2mgNaCl are required to prepare lactated Ringer’s reagent.

To calculate the mass of individual elements

Explanation of Solution

Mass of Sodium = 285-315mg

Mass of Potassium = 14.1-17.3mg

Mass of Calcium = 4.9-6.0mg

Mass of Chlorine = 368-408mg

Mass of Lactate = 231-261mg

To calculate the mass of individual elements

Molar mass of Sodium lactate = 112.06mg

Molar mass of Lactate = 89.07mg

Molar mass of CaCl2.2H2O = 147.01mg

Molecular mass of Calcium = 40.08mg

Molar mass of KCl = 74.55mg

Molecular weight of Potassium = 39.10mg

Molar mass of NaCl = 58.44mg

Molecular mass of Sodium= 22.99mg

The average values for each ion are,

300.00mgNa+,15.7mgK+,5.45mgCa2+,388mgCl-and246mgLactate

The source of Lactate is NaC3H5O3

Mass of Lactate = 246mgC3H5O3-×112.06mgNaC3H5O389.07mgC3H5O3-=309.5mg

The source of Ca2+ is CaCl2.2H2O

 Mass of CaCl2.2H2O = 5.45mgCa2+×147.01mgCaCl2.2H2O40.08mgCa2+=20mgCaCl2.2H2O

The source of K+ is KCl

Mass of KCl = 15.7mgK+×74.55mgKCl39.10mgK+=29.9mg

Mass of Na+ added = 309.5mgSodiumlactate-246.0mgLactate=63.5mgNa+

Additional amount of Sodium 236.5mgNa+ is added to get desired 300mg

Mass of Sodium added = 236.5mgNa+×58.44mgNaCl22.99mgNa+=601.2mg

Mass of Cl- added = 20.0mgCaCl2.2H270.90mgCl-147.01mgCaCl2.2H2O=9.6mg

20.0mgCaCl2.2H2O=9.6mgCl-29.9mgKCl-15.7mgK+=14.2mgCl-601.2mgNaCl-236.5mgNa+=364.7mgCl-

                   Total Cl-           = 388.5mg

Therefore,

305.9mg Sodium lactate, 20.0mgCaCl2.2H2O , 29.9mgKCl and 601.2mgNaCl are required to prepare lactated Ringer’s reagent.

Conclusion

The mass of individual elements was calculated using their respective molar mass and molecular weight and the given weight. A typical analytical balance can nearly measure to 0.1mg . Therefore, 305.9mg Sodium lactate, 20.0mgCaCl2.2H2O , 29.9mgKCl and 601.2mgNaCl are required to prepare lactated Ringer’s reagent.

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The osmotic pressure at minimum and maximum concentration has to be calculated.

Concept Introduction:

Colligative properties of a substance include the depression in the freezing point, elevation of boiling-point and osmotic pressure. These are dependant only on the number present and not based on the solute particles present in an ideal solution.

The osmotic pressure can be given by the equation,

Π=MRT

Here,Π=OsmoticpressureM=MolarityofsolutionR=GaslawconstantT=Temperature

Expert Solution
Check Mark

Answer to Problem 108AE

The range of osmotic pressure is 6.59atmto7.30atm

Explanation of Solution

To calculate the osmotic pressure at minimum and maximum concentration

Record the given info

Mass of Sodium = 285-315mg

Mass of Potassium = 14.1-17.3mg

Mass of Calcium = 4.9-6.0mg

Mass of Chlorine = 368-408mg

Mass of Lactate = 231-261mg

The masses of individual elements present in the reagent are recorded as shown above.

To calculate the minimum and maximum concentrations of ions

Molar mass of Lactate = 89.07mg

Molecular mass of Calcium = 40.08mg

Molecular weight of Potassium = 39.10mg

Molecular mass of Sodium= 22.99mg

At minimum concentration,

Molarity of Sodium = 285mgNa+100.mL×1mmol22.99mg=0.124M

Molarity of Potassium = 14.1mgK+100.mL×1mmol39.10mg=0.00361M

Molarity of Lactate = 231mgC3H5O3-100.mL×1mmol89.07mg=0.0259M

Molarity of Calcium = 4.9mgCa2+100.mL×1mmol40.08mg=0.0012M

Molarity of Chlorine = 368mgCl-100.mL×1mmol35.45mg=0.104M

The total concentration = 0.124+0.00361+0.0012+0.104+0.0259

                                       = 0.259M

At maximum concentration,

Molarity of Sodium = 315mgNa+100.mL×1mmol22.99mg=0.137M

Molarity of Potassium = 17.3mgK+100.mL×1mmol39.10mg=0.00442M

Molarity of Lactate = 261mgC3H5O3-100.mL×1mmol89.07mg=0.0293M

Molarity of Calcium = 6.0mgCa2+100.mL×1mmol40.08mg=0.0015M

Molarity of Chlorine = 408mgCl-100.mL×1mmol35.45mg=0.115M

The total concentration= 0.137+0.00442+0.0015+0.115+0.0293

                                     = 0.287M

To calculate the osmotic pressure at minimum and maximum concentration

At minimum concentration,

π=MRT=0.259molL×0.08206LatmKmol×310.K=6.59atm

At maximum concentration,

π=MRT=0.287molL×0.08206LatmKmol×310.K=7.30atm

At minimum concentration, osmotic pressure= 6.59atm

At maximum concentration, osmotic pressure= 7.30atm

Conclusion

The osmotic pressure at minimum and maximum concentrations was calculated using the molarities at minimum and maximum concentration.  The osmotic pressure at minimum and maximum concentrations were 6.59atm and 7.30atm .

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