(a) Interpretation: Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in P-Cl along with arrow to show dipole. Concept Introduction: Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it. The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases. The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 10.4, Problem 10.32QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in P-Cl along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in Se-F along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in Br-F along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in N-H along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in B-Cl along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

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11 1 Which one of the following compounds would show a proton NMR signal at the highest chemical shift? (7pts) cl @amitabh CI CI d) Cl CICI

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H2SO4 (cat.), H₂O 100 °C NH₂

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 10.4, Problem 10.32QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in P-Cl along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in Se-F along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in Br-F along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in N-H along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in B-Cl along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 10.4, Problem 10.32QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in P-Cl along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in Se-F along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in Br-F along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in N-H along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in B-Cl along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 10.4, Problem 10.32QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in P-Cl along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in Se-F along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in Br-F along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in N-H along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in B-Cl along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Expert Solution & Answer

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See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 10.4, Problem 10.32QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in P-Cl along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in Se-F along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in Br-F along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in N-H along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in B-Cl along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Answer 6

Chapter 10.4, Problem 10.32QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in P-Cl along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Answer 7

Chapter 10.4, Problem 10.32QAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in P-Cl along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in Se-F along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in Se-F along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in Br-F along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in Br-F along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in N-H along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in N-H along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in B-Cl along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Answer 15

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in B-Cl along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Answer 16

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Answer 17

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Answer 18

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Answer 19

Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 10.1QAP Ch. 10.1 - Determine the total number of valence electrons...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 10.3QAP Ch. 10.1 - Draw the Lewis structure for each of the following...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 10.5QAP Ch. 10.1 - If the available number of valence electrons for a...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 10.7QAP Ch. 10.1 - Draw the Lewis structure for each of the following...Ch. 10.2 - What is resonance?Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 10.10QAP

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