(a) Interpretation: Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in P-O along with arrow to show dipole. Concept Introduction: Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it. The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases. The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 10.84AQAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in P-O along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in N-F along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in O-Cl along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in S-Cl along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in P-F along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

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3. Consider the compounds below and determine if they are aromatic, antiaromatic, or non-aromatic. In case of aromatic or anti-aromatic, please indicate number of I electrons in the respective systems. (Hint: 1. Not all lone pair electrons were explicitly drawn and you should be able to tell that the bonding electrons and lone pair electrons should reside in which hybridized atomic orbital 2. You should consider ring strain- flexibility and steric repulsion that facilitates adoption of aromaticity or avoidance of anti- aromaticity) H H N N: NH2 N Aromaticity (Circle) Aromatic Aromatic Aromatic Aromatic Aromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic aromatic TT electrons Me H Me Aromaticity (Circle) Aromatic Aromatic Aromatic Aromatic Aromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic Antiaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic nonaromatic aromatic πT electrons H HH…

A chemistry graduate student is studying the rate of this reaction: 2 HI (g) →H2(g) +12(g) She fills a reaction vessel with HI and measures its concentration as the reaction proceeds: time (minutes) [IH] 0 0.800M 1.0 0.301 M 2.0 0.185 M 3.0 0.134M 4.0 0.105 M Use this data to answer the following questions. Write the rate law for this reaction. rate = 0 Calculate the value of the rate constant k. k = Round your answer to 2 significant digits. Also be sure your answer has the correct unit symbol.

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 10.84AQAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in P-O along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in N-F along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in O-Cl along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in S-Cl along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in P-F along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 10.84AQAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in P-O along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in N-F along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in O-Cl along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in S-Cl along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in P-F along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 10.84AQAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in P-O along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in N-F along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in O-Cl along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in S-Cl along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in P-F along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Expert Solution & Answer

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Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 10, Problem 10.84AQAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in P-O along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in N-F along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in O-Cl along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in S-Cl along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in P-F along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Answer 6

Chapter 10, Problem 10.84AQAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in P-O along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Answer 7

Chapter 10, Problem 10.84AQAP

Interpretation Introduction

(a)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in P-O along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Answer 8

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in N-F along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Answer 9

Interpretation Introduction

(b)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in N-F along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Answer 10

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in O-Cl along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Answer 11

Interpretation Introduction

(c)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in O-Cl along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Answer 12

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in S-Cl along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Answer 13

Interpretation Introduction

(d)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in S-Cl along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Answer 14

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in P-F along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Answer 15

Interpretation Introduction

(e)

Interpretation:

Interpret and indicate the positive and negative end in P-F along with arrow to show dipole.

Concept Introduction:

Partial charge is the charge appears on the element in a molecule having difference in their electronegativity. The element with higher electronegativity appears to carry partial negative charge while the element with lower electronegativity or electron releasing nature results in carrying partial positive charge on it.

The nuclear charge increases from left to right in periodic table due to which the electronegativity also increases.

The atomic size increases from top to bottom in periodic table due to the addition of an extra shell. This results in decreasing the electronegativity.

Answer 16

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Answer 17

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 18

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Answer 19

Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 10.1QAP Ch. 10.1 - Determine the total number of valence electrons...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 10.3QAP Ch. 10.1 - Draw the Lewis structure for each of the following...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 10.5QAP Ch. 10.1 - If the available number of valence electrons for a...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 10.7QAP Ch. 10.1 - Draw the Lewis structure for each of the following...Ch. 10.2 - What is resonance?Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 10.10QAP

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