Chapter 10.4, Problem 10.10CE

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The indication by the use of $-diol$ suffix has to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

The alcohol group present in an organic compound is indicated by using suffix $-ol$ with the name of compound.  If two hydroxyl groups are present suffix $-diol$ is used.  Alcohol in which the carbon atom containing hydroxyl group is connected to one carbon atom is known as primary alcohol.  Alcohol in which the carbon atom containing hydroxyl group is connected to two carbon atoms is known as secondary alcohol.  Alcohol in which the carbon atom containing hydroxyl group is connected to three carbon atoms is known as tertiary alcohol.

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The type of alcohol present on the five membered ring of estradiol has to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Refer to part (a).

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The process which converts the alcohol group present on five-membered ring in estradiol to functional group present in the same ring in estrone has to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Oxidation is a type of reaction in which addition of oxygen atom or removal of hydrogen atom takes place.  It occurs by loss of electrons.  The carbonyls get oxidized to give carboxylic acids.  The alcohols convert into carbonyls or carboxylic acids which depend on the effect of the oxidizing agents.

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The difference between sex hormones testosterone and estradiol has to be stated.

Concept Introduction:

Estradiol is a female sex hormone.  The structure of estradiol contains two hydroxyl and one methyl substituents.  It also contains one aromatic phenyl ring.  Testosterone is a male sex hormone.  The structure of testosterone contains one carbonyl group and two methyl groups.