The product of stereoisomers that formed in the given reaction should be given. Concept introduction: Isomer: The compound is having same molecular formula but the arrangement of the atom is different is called isomer. S N 1 reaction: In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends only on one reactant, which is involved in reaction is called unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction. In S N 1 reaction, formation of carbocation by reliving of leaving group from reactant is the first step and second step is addition nucleophile to carbocation. The rate determination step is formation of carbocation. The stability order of carbocation is, Tertiary > Secondary > Primary Therefore, tertiary alcohols undergo substitution very fast than the secondary alcohols because tertiary carbocation is more stable than the secondary carbocation than the primary carbocation. Primary alcohol is less stable therefore it won’t undergoes S N 1 substitution reaction. S N 2 reaction: In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends on reactant as well as nucleophile, which are involved in reaction is called bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction. In S N 2 reaction, the reliving of leaving group from reactant and nucleophilic of attack takes place simultaneously. Reactant and nucleophile are present at the rate determination step. The order of species involving in S N 2 reaction is, Tertiary < Secondary < Primary

Question

Want to see the full answer?

Answer 1

Question

Chapter 10.3, Problem 11P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of stereoisomers that formed in the given reaction should be given.

Concept introduction:

Isomer:

The compound is having same molecular formula but the arrangement of the atom is different is called isomer.

$SN1$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends only on one reactant, which is involved in reaction is called unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN1$ reaction, formation of carbocation by reliving of leaving group from reactant is the first step and second step is addition nucleophile to carbocation.

The rate determination step is formation of carbocation.

The stability order of carbocation is,

Tertiary > Secondary > Primary

Therefore, tertiary alcohols undergo substitution very fast than the secondary alcohols because tertiary carbocation is more stable than the secondary carbocation than the primary carbocation. Primary alcohol is less stable therefore it won’t undergoes $SN1$ substitution reaction.

$SN2$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends on reactant as well as nucleophile, which are involved in reaction is called bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN2$ reaction, the reliving of leaving group from reactant and nucleophilic of attack takes place simultaneously.

Reactant and nucleophile are present at the rate determination step.

The order of species involving in $SN2$ reaction is,

Tertiary < Secondary < Primary

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of stereoisomers that formed in the given reaction should be given.

Concept introduction:

Isomer:

The compound is having same molecular formula but the arrangement of the atom is different is called isomer.

$SN1$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends only on one reactant, which is involved in reaction is called unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN1$ reaction, formation of carbocation by reliving of leaving group from reactant is the first step and second step is addition nucleophile to carbocation.

The rate determination step is formation of carbocation.

The stability order of carbocation is,

Tertiary > Secondary > Primary

Therefore, tertiary alcohols undergo substitution very fast than the secondary alcohols because tertiary carbocation is more stable than the secondary carbocation than the primary carbocation. Primary alcohol is less stable therefore it won’t undergoes $SN1$ substitution reaction.

$SN2$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends on reactant as well as nucleophile, which are involved in reaction is called bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN2$ reaction, the reliving of leaving group from reactant and nucleophilic of attack takes place simultaneously.

Reactant and nucleophile are present at the rate determination step.

The order of species involving in $SN2$ reaction is,

Tertiary < Secondary < Primary

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of stereoisomers that formed in the given reaction should be given.

Concept introduction:

Isomer:

The compound is having same molecular formula but the arrangement of the atom is different is called isomer.

$SN1$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends only on one reactant, which is involved in reaction is called unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN1$ reaction, formation of carbocation by reliving of leaving group from reactant is the first step and second step is addition nucleophile to carbocation.

The rate determination step is formation of carbocation.

The stability order of carbocation is,

Tertiary > Secondary > Primary

Therefore, tertiary alcohols undergo substitution very fast than the secondary alcohols because tertiary carbocation is more stable than the secondary carbocation than the primary carbocation. Primary alcohol is less stable therefore it won’t undergoes $SN1$ substitution reaction.

$SN2$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends on reactant as well as nucleophile, which are involved in reaction is called bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN2$ reaction, the reliving of leaving group from reactant and nucleophilic of attack takes place simultaneously.

Reactant and nucleophile are present at the rate determination step.

The order of species involving in $SN2$ reaction is,

Tertiary < Secondary < Primary

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Isomer:

The compound is having same molecular formula but the arrangement of the atom is different is called isomer.

$SN1$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends only on one reactant, which is involved in reaction is called unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN1$ reaction, formation of carbocation by reliving of leaving group from reactant is the first step and second step is addition nucleophile to carbocation.

The rate determination step is formation of carbocation.

The stability order of carbocation is,

Tertiary > Secondary > Primary

Therefore, tertiary alcohols undergo substitution very fast than the secondary alcohols because tertiary carbocation is more stable than the secondary carbocation than the primary carbocation. Primary alcohol is less stable therefore it won’t undergoes $SN1$ substitution reaction.

$SN2$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends on reactant as well as nucleophile, which are involved in reaction is called bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN2$ reaction, the reliving of leaving group from reactant and nucleophilic of attack takes place simultaneously.

Reactant and nucleophile are present at the rate determination step.

The order of species involving in $SN2$ reaction is,

Tertiary < Secondary < Primary

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Students have asked these similar questions

So, the first image is what I'm trying to understand regarding my approach. The second image illustrates my teacher's method, and the third image includes my notes on the concepts behind these types of problems.

HAND DRAW

Draw a mental model for calcium chloride mixed with sodium phosphate

Answer 2

Question

Chapter 10.3, Problem 11P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of stereoisomers that formed in the given reaction should be given.

Concept introduction:

Isomer:

The compound is having same molecular formula but the arrangement of the atom is different is called isomer.

$SN1$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends only on one reactant, which is involved in reaction is called unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN1$ reaction, formation of carbocation by reliving of leaving group from reactant is the first step and second step is addition nucleophile to carbocation.

The rate determination step is formation of carbocation.

The stability order of carbocation is,

Tertiary > Secondary > Primary

Therefore, tertiary alcohols undergo substitution very fast than the secondary alcohols because tertiary carbocation is more stable than the secondary carbocation than the primary carbocation. Primary alcohol is less stable therefore it won’t undergoes $SN1$ substitution reaction.

$SN2$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends on reactant as well as nucleophile, which are involved in reaction is called bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN2$ reaction, the reliving of leaving group from reactant and nucleophilic of attack takes place simultaneously.

Reactant and nucleophile are present at the rate determination step.

The order of species involving in $SN2$ reaction is,

Tertiary < Secondary < Primary

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of stereoisomers that formed in the given reaction should be given.

Concept introduction:

Isomer:

The compound is having same molecular formula but the arrangement of the atom is different is called isomer.

$SN1$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends only on one reactant, which is involved in reaction is called unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN1$ reaction, formation of carbocation by reliving of leaving group from reactant is the first step and second step is addition nucleophile to carbocation.

The rate determination step is formation of carbocation.

The stability order of carbocation is,

Tertiary > Secondary > Primary

Therefore, tertiary alcohols undergo substitution very fast than the secondary alcohols because tertiary carbocation is more stable than the secondary carbocation than the primary carbocation. Primary alcohol is less stable therefore it won’t undergoes $SN1$ substitution reaction.

$SN2$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends on reactant as well as nucleophile, which are involved in reaction is called bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN2$ reaction, the reliving of leaving group from reactant and nucleophilic of attack takes place simultaneously.

Reactant and nucleophile are present at the rate determination step.

The order of species involving in $SN2$ reaction is,

Tertiary < Secondary < Primary

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of stereoisomers that formed in the given reaction should be given.

Concept introduction:

Isomer:

The compound is having same molecular formula but the arrangement of the atom is different is called isomer.

$SN1$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends only on one reactant, which is involved in reaction is called unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN1$ reaction, formation of carbocation by reliving of leaving group from reactant is the first step and second step is addition nucleophile to carbocation.

The rate determination step is formation of carbocation.

The stability order of carbocation is,

Tertiary > Secondary > Primary

Therefore, tertiary alcohols undergo substitution very fast than the secondary alcohols because tertiary carbocation is more stable than the secondary carbocation than the primary carbocation. Primary alcohol is less stable therefore it won’t undergoes $SN1$ substitution reaction.

$SN2$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends on reactant as well as nucleophile, which are involved in reaction is called bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN2$ reaction, the reliving of leaving group from reactant and nucleophilic of attack takes place simultaneously.

Reactant and nucleophile are present at the rate determination step.

The order of species involving in $SN2$ reaction is,

Tertiary < Secondary < Primary

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Isomer:

The compound is having same molecular formula but the arrangement of the atom is different is called isomer.

$SN1$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends only on one reactant, which is involved in reaction is called unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN1$ reaction, formation of carbocation by reliving of leaving group from reactant is the first step and second step is addition nucleophile to carbocation.

The rate determination step is formation of carbocation.

The stability order of carbocation is,

Tertiary > Secondary > Primary

Therefore, tertiary alcohols undergo substitution very fast than the secondary alcohols because tertiary carbocation is more stable than the secondary carbocation than the primary carbocation. Primary alcohol is less stable therefore it won’t undergoes $SN1$ substitution reaction.

$SN2$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends on reactant as well as nucleophile, which are involved in reaction is called bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN2$ reaction, the reliving of leaving group from reactant and nucleophilic of attack takes place simultaneously.

Reactant and nucleophile are present at the rate determination step.

The order of species involving in $SN2$ reaction is,

Tertiary < Secondary < Primary

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 3

Question

Chapter 10.3, Problem 11P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of stereoisomers that formed in the given reaction should be given.

Concept introduction:

Isomer:

The compound is having same molecular formula but the arrangement of the atom is different is called isomer.

$SN1$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends only on one reactant, which is involved in reaction is called unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN1$ reaction, formation of carbocation by reliving of leaving group from reactant is the first step and second step is addition nucleophile to carbocation.

The rate determination step is formation of carbocation.

The stability order of carbocation is,

Tertiary > Secondary > Primary

Therefore, tertiary alcohols undergo substitution very fast than the secondary alcohols because tertiary carbocation is more stable than the secondary carbocation than the primary carbocation. Primary alcohol is less stable therefore it won’t undergoes $SN1$ substitution reaction.

$SN2$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends on reactant as well as nucleophile, which are involved in reaction is called bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN2$ reaction, the reliving of leaving group from reactant and nucleophilic of attack takes place simultaneously.

Reactant and nucleophile are present at the rate determination step.

The order of species involving in $SN2$ reaction is,

Tertiary < Secondary < Primary

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of stereoisomers that formed in the given reaction should be given.

Concept introduction:

Isomer:

The compound is having same molecular formula but the arrangement of the atom is different is called isomer.

$SN1$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends only on one reactant, which is involved in reaction is called unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN1$ reaction, formation of carbocation by reliving of leaving group from reactant is the first step and second step is addition nucleophile to carbocation.

The rate determination step is formation of carbocation.

The stability order of carbocation is,

Tertiary > Secondary > Primary

Therefore, tertiary alcohols undergo substitution very fast than the secondary alcohols because tertiary carbocation is more stable than the secondary carbocation than the primary carbocation. Primary alcohol is less stable therefore it won’t undergoes $SN1$ substitution reaction.

$SN2$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends on reactant as well as nucleophile, which are involved in reaction is called bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN2$ reaction, the reliving of leaving group from reactant and nucleophilic of attack takes place simultaneously.

Reactant and nucleophile are present at the rate determination step.

The order of species involving in $SN2$ reaction is,

Tertiary < Secondary < Primary

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of stereoisomers that formed in the given reaction should be given.

Concept introduction:

Isomer:

The compound is having same molecular formula but the arrangement of the atom is different is called isomer.

$SN1$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends only on one reactant, which is involved in reaction is called unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN1$ reaction, formation of carbocation by reliving of leaving group from reactant is the first step and second step is addition nucleophile to carbocation.

The rate determination step is formation of carbocation.

The stability order of carbocation is,

Tertiary > Secondary > Primary

Therefore, tertiary alcohols undergo substitution very fast than the secondary alcohols because tertiary carbocation is more stable than the secondary carbocation than the primary carbocation. Primary alcohol is less stable therefore it won’t undergoes $SN1$ substitution reaction.

$SN2$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends on reactant as well as nucleophile, which are involved in reaction is called bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN2$ reaction, the reliving of leaving group from reactant and nucleophilic of attack takes place simultaneously.

Reactant and nucleophile are present at the rate determination step.

The order of species involving in $SN2$ reaction is,

Tertiary < Secondary < Primary

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Isomer:

The compound is having same molecular formula but the arrangement of the atom is different is called isomer.

$SN1$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends only on one reactant, which is involved in reaction is called unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN1$ reaction, formation of carbocation by reliving of leaving group from reactant is the first step and second step is addition nucleophile to carbocation.

The rate determination step is formation of carbocation.

The stability order of carbocation is,

Tertiary > Secondary > Primary

Therefore, tertiary alcohols undergo substitution very fast than the secondary alcohols because tertiary carbocation is more stable than the secondary carbocation than the primary carbocation. Primary alcohol is less stable therefore it won’t undergoes $SN1$ substitution reaction.

$SN2$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends on reactant as well as nucleophile, which are involved in reaction is called bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN2$ reaction, the reliving of leaving group from reactant and nucleophilic of attack takes place simultaneously.

Reactant and nucleophile are present at the rate determination step.

The order of species involving in $SN2$ reaction is,

Tertiary < Secondary < Primary

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 4

Question

Chapter 10.3, Problem 11P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of stereoisomers that formed in the given reaction should be given.

Concept introduction:

Isomer:

The compound is having same molecular formula but the arrangement of the atom is different is called isomer.

$SN1$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends only on one reactant, which is involved in reaction is called unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN1$ reaction, formation of carbocation by reliving of leaving group from reactant is the first step and second step is addition nucleophile to carbocation.

The rate determination step is formation of carbocation.

The stability order of carbocation is,

Tertiary > Secondary > Primary

Therefore, tertiary alcohols undergo substitution very fast than the secondary alcohols because tertiary carbocation is more stable than the secondary carbocation than the primary carbocation. Primary alcohol is less stable therefore it won’t undergoes $SN1$ substitution reaction.

$SN2$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends on reactant as well as nucleophile, which are involved in reaction is called bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN2$ reaction, the reliving of leaving group from reactant and nucleophilic of attack takes place simultaneously.

Reactant and nucleophile are present at the rate determination step.

The order of species involving in $SN2$ reaction is,

Tertiary < Secondary < Primary

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of stereoisomers that formed in the given reaction should be given.

Concept introduction:

Isomer:

The compound is having same molecular formula but the arrangement of the atom is different is called isomer.

$SN1$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends only on one reactant, which is involved in reaction is called unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN1$ reaction, formation of carbocation by reliving of leaving group from reactant is the first step and second step is addition nucleophile to carbocation.

The rate determination step is formation of carbocation.

The stability order of carbocation is,

Tertiary > Secondary > Primary

Therefore, tertiary alcohols undergo substitution very fast than the secondary alcohols because tertiary carbocation is more stable than the secondary carbocation than the primary carbocation. Primary alcohol is less stable therefore it won’t undergoes $SN1$ substitution reaction.

$SN2$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends on reactant as well as nucleophile, which are involved in reaction is called bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN2$ reaction, the reliving of leaving group from reactant and nucleophilic of attack takes place simultaneously.

Reactant and nucleophile are present at the rate determination step.

The order of species involving in $SN2$ reaction is,

Tertiary < Secondary < Primary

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of stereoisomers that formed in the given reaction should be given.

Concept introduction:

Isomer:

The compound is having same molecular formula but the arrangement of the atom is different is called isomer.

$SN1$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends only on one reactant, which is involved in reaction is called unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN1$ reaction, formation of carbocation by reliving of leaving group from reactant is the first step and second step is addition nucleophile to carbocation.

The rate determination step is formation of carbocation.

The stability order of carbocation is,

Tertiary > Secondary > Primary

Therefore, tertiary alcohols undergo substitution very fast than the secondary alcohols because tertiary carbocation is more stable than the secondary carbocation than the primary carbocation. Primary alcohol is less stable therefore it won’t undergoes $SN1$ substitution reaction.

$SN2$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends on reactant as well as nucleophile, which are involved in reaction is called bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN2$ reaction, the reliving of leaving group from reactant and nucleophilic of attack takes place simultaneously.

Reactant and nucleophile are present at the rate determination step.

The order of species involving in $SN2$ reaction is,

Tertiary < Secondary < Primary

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Isomer:

The compound is having same molecular formula but the arrangement of the atom is different is called isomer.

$SN1$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends only on one reactant, which is involved in reaction is called unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN1$ reaction, formation of carbocation by reliving of leaving group from reactant is the first step and second step is addition nucleophile to carbocation.

The rate determination step is formation of carbocation.

The stability order of carbocation is,

Tertiary > Secondary > Primary

Therefore, tertiary alcohols undergo substitution very fast than the secondary alcohols because tertiary carbocation is more stable than the secondary carbocation than the primary carbocation. Primary alcohol is less stable therefore it won’t undergoes $SN1$ substitution reaction.

$SN2$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends on reactant as well as nucleophile, which are involved in reaction is called bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN2$ reaction, the reliving of leaving group from reactant and nucleophilic of attack takes place simultaneously.

Reactant and nucleophile are present at the rate determination step.

The order of species involving in $SN2$ reaction is,

Tertiary < Secondary < Primary

Expert Solution & Answer

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 5

Chapter 10.3, Problem 11P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of stereoisomers that formed in the given reaction should be given.

Concept introduction:

Isomer:

The compound is having same molecular formula but the arrangement of the atom is different is called isomer.

$SN1$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends only on one reactant, which is involved in reaction is called unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN1$ reaction, formation of carbocation by reliving of leaving group from reactant is the first step and second step is addition nucleophile to carbocation.

The rate determination step is formation of carbocation.

The stability order of carbocation is,

Tertiary > Secondary > Primary

Therefore, tertiary alcohols undergo substitution very fast than the secondary alcohols because tertiary carbocation is more stable than the secondary carbocation than the primary carbocation. Primary alcohol is less stable therefore it won’t undergoes $SN1$ substitution reaction.

$SN2$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends on reactant as well as nucleophile, which are involved in reaction is called bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN2$ reaction, the reliving of leaving group from reactant and nucleophilic of attack takes place simultaneously.

Reactant and nucleophile are present at the rate determination step.

The order of species involving in $SN2$ reaction is,

Tertiary < Secondary < Primary

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of stereoisomers that formed in the given reaction should be given.

Concept introduction:

Isomer:

The compound is having same molecular formula but the arrangement of the atom is different is called isomer.

$SN1$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends only on one reactant, which is involved in reaction is called unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN1$ reaction, formation of carbocation by reliving of leaving group from reactant is the first step and second step is addition nucleophile to carbocation.

The rate determination step is formation of carbocation.

The stability order of carbocation is,

Tertiary > Secondary > Primary

Therefore, tertiary alcohols undergo substitution very fast than the secondary alcohols because tertiary carbocation is more stable than the secondary carbocation than the primary carbocation. Primary alcohol is less stable therefore it won’t undergoes $SN1$ substitution reaction.

$SN2$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends on reactant as well as nucleophile, which are involved in reaction is called bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN2$ reaction, the reliving of leaving group from reactant and nucleophilic of attack takes place simultaneously.

Reactant and nucleophile are present at the rate determination step.

The order of species involving in $SN2$ reaction is,

Tertiary < Secondary < Primary

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of stereoisomers that formed in the given reaction should be given.

Concept introduction:

Isomer:

The compound is having same molecular formula but the arrangement of the atom is different is called isomer.

$SN1$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends only on one reactant, which is involved in reaction is called unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN1$ reaction, formation of carbocation by reliving of leaving group from reactant is the first step and second step is addition nucleophile to carbocation.

The rate determination step is formation of carbocation.

The stability order of carbocation is,

Tertiary > Secondary > Primary

Therefore, tertiary alcohols undergo substitution very fast than the secondary alcohols because tertiary carbocation is more stable than the secondary carbocation than the primary carbocation. Primary alcohol is less stable therefore it won’t undergoes $SN1$ substitution reaction.

$SN2$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends on reactant as well as nucleophile, which are involved in reaction is called bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN2$ reaction, the reliving of leaving group from reactant and nucleophilic of attack takes place simultaneously.

Reactant and nucleophile are present at the rate determination step.

The order of species involving in $SN2$ reaction is,

Tertiary < Secondary < Primary

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Isomer:

The compound is having same molecular formula but the arrangement of the atom is different is called isomer.

$SN1$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends only on one reactant, which is involved in reaction is called unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN1$ reaction, formation of carbocation by reliving of leaving group from reactant is the first step and second step is addition nucleophile to carbocation.

The rate determination step is formation of carbocation.

The stability order of carbocation is,

Tertiary > Secondary > Primary

Therefore, tertiary alcohols undergo substitution very fast than the secondary alcohols because tertiary carbocation is more stable than the secondary carbocation than the primary carbocation. Primary alcohol is less stable therefore it won’t undergoes $SN1$ substitution reaction.

$SN2$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends on reactant as well as nucleophile, which are involved in reaction is called bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN2$ reaction, the reliving of leaving group from reactant and nucleophilic of attack takes place simultaneously.

Reactant and nucleophile are present at the rate determination step.

The order of species involving in $SN2$ reaction is,

Tertiary < Secondary < Primary

Answer 6

Chapter 10.3, Problem 11P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of stereoisomers that formed in the given reaction should be given.

Concept introduction:

Isomer:

The compound is having same molecular formula but the arrangement of the atom is different is called isomer.

$SN1$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends only on one reactant, which is involved in reaction is called unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN1$ reaction, formation of carbocation by reliving of leaving group from reactant is the first step and second step is addition nucleophile to carbocation.

The rate determination step is formation of carbocation.

The stability order of carbocation is,

Tertiary > Secondary > Primary

Therefore, tertiary alcohols undergo substitution very fast than the secondary alcohols because tertiary carbocation is more stable than the secondary carbocation than the primary carbocation. Primary alcohol is less stable therefore it won’t undergoes $SN1$ substitution reaction.

$SN2$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends on reactant as well as nucleophile, which are involved in reaction is called bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN2$ reaction, the reliving of leaving group from reactant and nucleophilic of attack takes place simultaneously.

Reactant and nucleophile are present at the rate determination step.

The order of species involving in $SN2$ reaction is,

Tertiary < Secondary < Primary

Answer 7

Chapter 10.3, Problem 11P

(a)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of stereoisomers that formed in the given reaction should be given.

Concept introduction:

Isomer:

The compound is having same molecular formula but the arrangement of the atom is different is called isomer.

$SN1$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends only on one reactant, which is involved in reaction is called unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN1$ reaction, formation of carbocation by reliving of leaving group from reactant is the first step and second step is addition nucleophile to carbocation.

The rate determination step is formation of carbocation.

The stability order of carbocation is,

Tertiary > Secondary > Primary

Therefore, tertiary alcohols undergo substitution very fast than the secondary alcohols because tertiary carbocation is more stable than the secondary carbocation than the primary carbocation. Primary alcohol is less stable therefore it won’t undergoes $SN1$ substitution reaction.

$SN2$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends on reactant as well as nucleophile, which are involved in reaction is called bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN2$ reaction, the reliving of leaving group from reactant and nucleophilic of attack takes place simultaneously.

Reactant and nucleophile are present at the rate determination step.

The order of species involving in $SN2$ reaction is,

Tertiary < Secondary < Primary

Answer 8

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of stereoisomers that formed in the given reaction should be given.

Concept introduction:

Isomer:

The compound is having same molecular formula but the arrangement of the atom is different is called isomer.

$SN1$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends only on one reactant, which is involved in reaction is called unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN1$ reaction, formation of carbocation by reliving of leaving group from reactant is the first step and second step is addition nucleophile to carbocation.

The rate determination step is formation of carbocation.

The stability order of carbocation is,

Tertiary > Secondary > Primary

Therefore, tertiary alcohols undergo substitution very fast than the secondary alcohols because tertiary carbocation is more stable than the secondary carbocation than the primary carbocation. Primary alcohol is less stable therefore it won’t undergoes $SN1$ substitution reaction.

$SN2$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends on reactant as well as nucleophile, which are involved in reaction is called bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN2$ reaction, the reliving of leaving group from reactant and nucleophilic of attack takes place simultaneously.

Reactant and nucleophile are present at the rate determination step.

The order of species involving in $SN2$ reaction is,

Tertiary < Secondary < Primary

Answer 9

(b)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of stereoisomers that formed in the given reaction should be given.

Concept introduction:

Isomer:

The compound is having same molecular formula but the arrangement of the atom is different is called isomer.

$SN1$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends only on one reactant, which is involved in reaction is called unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN1$ reaction, formation of carbocation by reliving of leaving group from reactant is the first step and second step is addition nucleophile to carbocation.

The rate determination step is formation of carbocation.

The stability order of carbocation is,

Tertiary > Secondary > Primary

Therefore, tertiary alcohols undergo substitution very fast than the secondary alcohols because tertiary carbocation is more stable than the secondary carbocation than the primary carbocation. Primary alcohol is less stable therefore it won’t undergoes $SN1$ substitution reaction.

$SN2$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends on reactant as well as nucleophile, which are involved in reaction is called bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN2$ reaction, the reliving of leaving group from reactant and nucleophilic of attack takes place simultaneously.

Reactant and nucleophile are present at the rate determination step.

The order of species involving in $SN2$ reaction is,

Tertiary < Secondary < Primary

Answer 10

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of stereoisomers that formed in the given reaction should be given.

Concept introduction:

Isomer:

The compound is having same molecular formula but the arrangement of the atom is different is called isomer.

$SN1$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends only on one reactant, which is involved in reaction is called unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN1$ reaction, formation of carbocation by reliving of leaving group from reactant is the first step and second step is addition nucleophile to carbocation.

The rate determination step is formation of carbocation.

The stability order of carbocation is,

Tertiary > Secondary > Primary

Therefore, tertiary alcohols undergo substitution very fast than the secondary alcohols because tertiary carbocation is more stable than the secondary carbocation than the primary carbocation. Primary alcohol is less stable therefore it won’t undergoes $SN1$ substitution reaction.

$SN2$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends on reactant as well as nucleophile, which are involved in reaction is called bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN2$ reaction, the reliving of leaving group from reactant and nucleophilic of attack takes place simultaneously.

Reactant and nucleophile are present at the rate determination step.

The order of species involving in $SN2$ reaction is,

Tertiary < Secondary < Primary

Answer 11

(c)

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

The product of stereoisomers that formed in the given reaction should be given.

Concept introduction:

Isomer:

The compound is having same molecular formula but the arrangement of the atom is different is called isomer.

$SN1$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends only on one reactant, which is involved in reaction is called unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN1$ reaction, formation of carbocation by reliving of leaving group from reactant is the first step and second step is addition nucleophile to carbocation.

The rate determination step is formation of carbocation.

The stability order of carbocation is,

Tertiary > Secondary > Primary

Therefore, tertiary alcohols undergo substitution very fast than the secondary alcohols because tertiary carbocation is more stable than the secondary carbocation than the primary carbocation. Primary alcohol is less stable therefore it won’t undergoes $SN1$ substitution reaction.

$SN2$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends on reactant as well as nucleophile, which are involved in reaction is called bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN2$ reaction, the reliving of leaving group from reactant and nucleophilic of attack takes place simultaneously.

Reactant and nucleophile are present at the rate determination step.

The order of species involving in $SN2$ reaction is,

Tertiary < Secondary < Primary

Answer 12

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Isomer:

The compound is having same molecular formula but the arrangement of the atom is different is called isomer.

$SN1$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends only on one reactant, which is involved in reaction is called unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN1$ reaction, formation of carbocation by reliving of leaving group from reactant is the first step and second step is addition nucleophile to carbocation.

The rate determination step is formation of carbocation.

The stability order of carbocation is,

Tertiary > Secondary > Primary

Therefore, tertiary alcohols undergo substitution very fast than the secondary alcohols because tertiary carbocation is more stable than the secondary carbocation than the primary carbocation. Primary alcohol is less stable therefore it won’t undergoes $SN1$ substitution reaction.

$SN2$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends on reactant as well as nucleophile, which are involved in reaction is called bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN2$ reaction, the reliving of leaving group from reactant and nucleophilic of attack takes place simultaneously.

Reactant and nucleophile are present at the rate determination step.

The order of species involving in $SN2$ reaction is,

Tertiary < Secondary < Primary

Answer 13

(d)

Interpretation Introduction

Isomer:

The compound is having same molecular formula but the arrangement of the atom is different is called isomer.

$SN1$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends only on one reactant, which is involved in reaction is called unimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN1$ reaction, formation of carbocation by reliving of leaving group from reactant is the first step and second step is addition nucleophile to carbocation.

The rate determination step is formation of carbocation.

The stability order of carbocation is,

Tertiary > Secondary > Primary

Therefore, tertiary alcohols undergo substitution very fast than the secondary alcohols because tertiary carbocation is more stable than the secondary carbocation than the primary carbocation. Primary alcohol is less stable therefore it won’t undergoes $SN1$ substitution reaction.

$SN2$ reaction:

In the nucleophilic substitution reaction, the rate of reaction depends on reactant as well as nucleophile, which are involved in reaction is called bimolecular nucleophilic substitution reaction.

In $SN2$ reaction, the reliving of leaving group from reactant and nucleophilic of attack takes place simultaneously.

Reactant and nucleophile are present at the rate determination step.

The order of species involving in $SN2$ reaction is,

Tertiary < Secondary < Primary

Answer 14

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 15

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 16

Want to see the full answer?

Check out a sample textbook solution

See solution

Answer 17

Ch. 10.1 - Why are NH3 and CH3NH2 no longer nucleophiles when...Ch. 10.1 - Explain the difference in reactivity between...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 5P Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 6P Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 8P Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 9P Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 11P Ch. 10.3 - Show how 1-propanol can be converted into the...Ch. 10.4 - Which of the following alcohols dehydrates the...Ch. 10.4 - Prob. 14P

Solution Summary: The author explains that the product of stereoisomers that formed in the given reaction should be given.

Want to see the full answer?

Chapter 10 Solutions