Chapter 10.2, Problem 30SSC

(a)

To determine

To classify: the tool ‘screwdriver’.

To describe: how it changes the force to make the task easier.

Explanation of Solution

Introduction:

A screwdriver is a tool used for screwing and unscrewing screws, whether manual or driven. A traditional common screwdriver has a handle and a shaft which ends in a tip that the user places in the head of the screw before turning the handle.

The screwdriver consists of three parts of the handle, the shank, and the blade. We apply a force to rotate the handle, which in turn rotates the blade. Thus, the handle acts as an effort arm, blade acts as the load arm, and the shank act as the fulcrum. Thus, one can say that the screwdriver represents a lever.

Conclusion:

Hence, the screwdriver denotes a lever.

(b)

To determine

To classify: the tool ‘pliers’.

To describe: how it changes the force to make the task easier.

Explanation of Solution

Introduction:

Pliers are a hand tool used to keep items securely, probably formed from tongs used in Bronze Age Europe for handling hot metal. They also serve to bend and compress a wide variety of materials.

Pliers consist of three parts the handle, the plier's jaws, and a joining point in between the plier's jaws and the handle. The effort force is applied on the handle and the load force acts as the plier's jaws. The joining point refers to the fulcrum. Thus, one can say that a plier represents a lever.

Conclusion:

Hence, the plier represents a lever.

(c)

To determine

To classify: the tool ‘chisel’.

To describe: how it changes the force to make the task easier.

Explanation of Solution

Introduction:

A chisel is a tool with a characteristically shaped cutting edge of a blade at its end, to carve or cut hard material such as wood, stone or metal by hand, struck with a mallet, or mechanical force.

A chisel consists of a handle and blade and it is used to push things apart. It is known that a wedge is used to push things apart. Thus, one can say that the chisel represents a wedge.

Conclusion:

Hence, the chisel represents a wedge.

(d)

To determine

To classify: the tool ‘nail puller’.

To describe: how it changes the force to make the task easier.

Explanation of Solution

Introduction:

Both nail puller claws are accurate and sharp to remove embedded or headless nails with ease and minimal damage to the wood, with the perfect shape and a rounded head to provide great leverage.

The nail puller consists of three parts, such as the handle, the fixed point, and the blade used to pull nails. One applies a force at the handle, which helps the blade to pull the nails. Thus, the handle acts the effort arm, the blade acts as the load arm and the fixed point acts as the fulcrum; therefore, one can say that the nail puller represents a lever.

Conclusion:

Hence, the nail puller represents a lever