Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
15th Edition
ISBN: 9780134261928
Author: Michael T. Madigan, Kelly S. Bender, Daniel H. Buckley, W. Matthew Sattley, David A. Stahl
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 10.10, Problem 1CR
Summary Introduction
Reoviridae family of viruses have a wide range of hosts which includes invertebrates, vertebrates, humans, plants and even microbes like
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Chapter 10 Solutions
Brock Biology of Microorganisms (15th Edition)
Ch. 10.1 - Distinguish between a positive-strand RNA virus...Ch. 10.1 - Prob. 2MQCh. 10.1 - Prob. 3MQCh. 10.1 - Describe the classes of viruses based on their...Ch. 10.2 - Prob. 1MQCh. 10.2 - Prob. 2MQCh. 10.2 - Prob. 3MQCh. 10.2 - Prob. 1CRCh. 10.3 - Prob. 1MQCh. 10.3 - In the X174 genome, describe the difference...
Ch. 10.3 - Prob. 3MQCh. 10.3 - Describe how the genome of bacteriophage X174 is...Ch. 10.4 - In what major way does transcription of phage DNA...Ch. 10.4 - Prob. 2MQCh. 10.4 - Why can it be said that transcription of the...Ch. 10.5 - What type of genome is seen in most archaeal...Ch. 10.5 - Compared with other archaeal viruses, what are two...Ch. 10.5 - Prob. 1CRCh. 10.6 - Prob. 1MQCh. 10.6 - Prob. 2MQCh. 10.6 - Prob. 3MQCh. 10.6 - Prob. 1CRCh. 10.7 - Prob. 1MQCh. 10.7 - Prob. 2MQCh. 10.7 - Prob. 3MQCh. 10.7 - Prob. 1CRCh. 10.8 - Prob. 1MQCh. 10.8 - Prob. 2MQCh. 10.8 - How are protein synthesis and genomic replication...Ch. 10.8 - Prob. 1CRCh. 10.9 - Prob. 1MQCh. 10.9 - Prob. 2MQCh. 10.9 - Prob. 3MQCh. 10.9 - Rabies virus and poliovirus both have...Ch. 10.10 - Prob. 1MQCh. 10.10 - Prob. 2MQCh. 10.10 - Prob. 3MQCh. 10.10 - Prob. 1CRCh. 10.11 - Prob. 1MQCh. 10.11 - Prob. 2MQCh. 10.11 - How does the role of reverse transcriptase in the...Ch. 10.11 - Why do both hepadnaviruses and retroviruses...Ch. 10.12 - What type of bacteriophages are most common in the...Ch. 10.12 - Prob. 2MQCh. 10.12 - Prob. 3MQCh. 10.12 - Prob. 1CRCh. 10.13 - Prob. 1MQCh. 10.13 - Prob. 2MQCh. 10.13 - Prob. 3MQCh. 10.13 - Prob. 1CRCh. 10.14 - Prob. 1MQCh. 10.14 - Prob. 2MQCh. 10.14 - Prob. 3MQCh. 10.14 - How do bacterial viruses help prevent human...Ch. 10.15 - If viroids are circular molecules, why are they...Ch. 10.15 - Prob. 2MQCh. 10.15 - Prob. 1CRCh. 10.16 - Prob. 1MQCh. 10.16 - Prob. 2MQCh. 10.16 - Prob. 3MQCh. 10.16 - What are the similarities and differences between...Ch. 10 - Not all proteins are made from the RNA genome of...Ch. 10 - Replication of both strands of DNA in adenoviruses...Ch. 10 - Imagine that you are a researcher at a...Ch. 10 - Prob. 4AQ
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- Draw a generic (+)RNA virus replication cycle. For viruses, (+) RNA indicates the genomic RNA can be translated directly. How would this differ from the system you drew in #1? Draw a generic (+) RNA virus replication cycle. Indicate which proteins need to be present for RNA replication and translation. Where would they act? Indicate what sequences or modifications would need to be present on the virus RNA for RNA replication and translation. How might a virus differentiate between RNA to be put into progeny virus particles and RNA to be translated into protein?arrow_forwardAssume you isolate a single stranded (+) RNA virus. When you examine the proteins in the virus, you find that it does NOT contain replicase enzymes within its capsid. Which of the following is true? This virus must have a gene that encodes replicase. This virus will not be able to enter a host cell. Its genome cannot be translated (the process of translation) by the host cell ribosomes. A DNA copy of the viral genome has to be made before viral genes are expressed. This virus must lack surface antigens.arrow_forwardExplain, with the aid of a hand drawn diagram, the life cycle of bacteriophage T4.arrow_forward
- As a general rule, viruses are not considered to be alive based on several reasons. One such reason is that some viruses use RNA as their genetic material instead of DNA. Which of the five biological themes does this violate? Briefly explain why.arrow_forwardViruses are made up of the same biomolecules as cellular organisms (DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, etc.). They infect cells and replicate themselves using resources from the host cells. Scientists discovered a previously unknown strain of virus in the tropical Pacific Ocean and it can infect higher-order eukaryotes. Initial analysis revealed that the virus is mainly composed of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Chemical analysis after complete hydrolysis revealed the following building blocks (by weight): Chemical components Nucleosides Amino acids Lipids, phosphates, and carbohydrates Percentage by weight 20 30 50 Analysis of percentages of nucleosides yielded the following results (by molar ratio): Nucleosides A G T C U Percentage by mole 19 29 19 29 4 Researchers determined that the lipids found in the virus form a bilayer membrane surrounding the virus, and are obtained from the membrane of the host cell during virus maturation and exit from host cell. Further…arrow_forwardWith respect to the replication strategy, what unusual feature does HBV have in common with HIV?arrow_forward
- Viruses are made up of the same biomolecules as cellular organisms (DNA, RNA, proteins, lipids, etc.), which are synthesized through enzymatic dehydration reactions from building blocks and disassembled by enzymatic hydrolysis. They infect cells and replicate themselves using resources from the host cells. Scientists discovered a previously unknown strain of virus in the tropical Pacific Ocean and it can infect higher-order eukaryotes. Initial analysis revealed that the virus is mainly composed of nucleic acids, proteins, and lipids. Chemical analysis after complete hydrolysis revealed the following building blocks (by weight): Chemical components Nucleosides Amino acids Lipids, phosphates, and carbohydrates Percentage by weight 20 30 50 Analysis of percentages of nucleosides yielded the following results (by molar ratio): Nucleosides A G T C U Percentage by mole 19 29 19 29 4 Which of the following events mostly involves hydrolysis reaction after the virus infects…arrow_forwardDouble-stranded RNA viruses, use the following polymerase for genome synthesis: A) viral RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. B) host cell DNA-dependent RNA polymerase. C) viral DNA-dependent DNA polymerase. D) host cell RNA-dependent RNA polymerase.arrow_forwardAfter a positive strand RNA virus ( Such as Coronaviruses) enters the host cell, the RNA is translated by ribosomes to create proteins associated with the virus (Such as, for example, the surface antigens like E and Spike proteins). How then, would the genetic material itself be replicated to be incorporated into the new viruses?.arrow_forward
- To study the interaction between viral proteins and Z-DNA, how could Z-DNA-forming DNA be synthesized in the lab?arrow_forwardMatch each of the following replication classes of viruses with the one description that best describes it. This virus class is composed of segmented and non-segmented helical viruses that carry an RdRp within the virion into the cell. Example: Rabies virus These viruses are non- enveloped, icosahedral, have segmented genomes, and carry their own RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. The viral genome is copied following assembly. Example: Reovirus This is the only class of RNA viruses whose genome is replicated by cellular enzymes and not an RNA-dependent RNA polymerase. Cellular DNA polymerases replicate this virus's non- integrated genome, although transcription is not the initial event that takes place in the process. Example: Parvoviruses In this class of viruses, transcription occurs before genome replication because viral proteins are involved in replicating the genome. Example: Adenovirus This class of viruses forms circular DNA and creates pre- genomic RNA using host RNA polymerases.…arrow_forwardYou are studying a new retrovirus. The viral protein (X) appears to play a role in the export of the viral genomes to the cytoplasm. Protein X brings viral DNA to the cytoplasm and returns back to the nucleus after genome export is complete. Researchers have developed a new drug for the virus. Following treatment with the new drug, the viral protein stays in the nucleus and cannot export the viral genomes. What is the most plausible and logical function of the drug? Use your knowledge of nuclear transport to answer this question. O A. The drug inhibits the binding of the viral protein and the viral genomes to the import receptor. B. The drug inhibits the binding of Ran-GTP to the nuclear export receptor in nucleus. C. The drug promotes the Ran GAP activity. D. The drug blocks the NLS on the viral protein.arrow_forward
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