
a)
Transaction:
A transaction is a logical unit of work.
- A sequence of process that must be completely completed or aborted.
- Intermediate states are not acceptable in the process of transaction.
- To make a transaction use a keyword “BEGIN TRANSACTION;”, insert SQL queries and commit the transaction.
Syntax for “TRANSACTION”:
BEGIN {TRANSACTION|TRAN};
SQL queries;
COMMIT;
“insert” query:
The INSERT command in SQL is employed to add records to an existing table. INSERT will increase the number of rows in a table.
Syntax for INSERT command:
INSERT INTO table_name VALUES (value1, value2…);
Example:
INSERT INTO employee VALUES(101, ‘Smith’,10);
“update” query:
The UPDATE command is employed to update information present in a table.
It is always used with SET keyword either in bulk or individually. UPDATE will not increase the number of rows in a table.
Syntax for UPDATE command:
UPDATE table_name SET column_name1 = value WHERE some_condition;
Example:
UPDATE employee SET name= ‘Presil’ age= 24 WHERE id=115;
b)
Explanation of Solution
Program plan:
The following SQL query is to make a customer payment for a customer “10010” of “$100” in cash using the payment ID “3428”.
- Begin the transaction.
- Insert the appropriate values into “payments” table using “insert” query.
- Update the customer details to reduce the customer balance by “100” for the customer “10010” using “update” query...

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Chapter 10 Solutions
Database Systems: Design, Implementation, Management, Loose-leaf Version
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