Pessimistic locking: It is one of the locking methods in concurrency control. The lock exists in the transaction until the transaction gets committed or rolled back. Two-phase locking protocol: It defined the serializability of the transaction but not prevent deadlocks. The process of locking and unlocking can be done using two phases in this protocol. They are: Growing phase and shrinking phase. Growing phase: New lock can be occurred on the transaction without unlocking the data items. The data items are locked in this phase. Shrinking phase: This phase used to release all transaction but not provide new lock on the transaction.

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3. Problem Description: Define the Circle2D class that contains: Two double data fields named x and y that specify the center of the circle with get methods. • A data field radius with a get method. • A no-arg constructor that creates a default circle with (0, 0) for (x, y) and 1 for radius. • A constructor that creates a circle with the specified x, y, and radius. • A method getArea() that returns the area of the circle. • A method getPerimeter() that returns the perimeter of the circle. • • • A method contains(double x, double y) that returns true if the specified point (x, y) is inside this circle. See Figure (a). A method contains(Circle2D circle) that returns true if the specified circle is inside this circle. See Figure (b). A method overlaps (Circle2D circle) that returns true if the specified circle overlaps with this circle. See the figure below. р O со (a) (b) (c)< Figure (a) A point is inside the circle. (b) A circle is inside another circle. (c) A circle overlaps another…

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Chapter 10, Problem 8P

Program Plan Intro

Pessimistic locking:

It is one of the locking methods in concurrency control. The lock exists in the transaction until the transaction gets committed or rolled back.

Two-phase locking protocol:

It defined the serializability of the transaction but not prevent deadlocks. The process of locking and unlocking can be done using two phases in this protocol. They are: Growing phase and shrinking phase.

Growing phase:

New lock can be occurred on the transaction without unlocking the data items. The data items are locked in this phase.

Shrinking phase:

This phase used to release all transaction but not provide new lock on the transaction.

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3. Problem Description: Define the Circle2D class that contains: Two double data fields named x and y that specify the center of the circle with get methods. • A data field radius with a get method. • A no-arg constructor that creates a default circle with (0, 0) for (x, y) and 1 for radius. • A constructor that creates a circle with the specified x, y, and radius. • A method getArea() that returns the area of the circle. • A method getPerimeter() that returns the perimeter of the circle. • • • A method contains(double x, double y) that returns true if the specified point (x, y) is inside this circle. See Figure (a). A method contains(Circle2D circle) that returns true if the specified circle is inside this circle. See Figure (b). A method overlaps (Circle2D circle) that returns true if the specified circle overlaps with this circle. See the figure below. р O со (a) (b) (c)< Figure (a) A point is inside the circle. (b) A circle is inside another circle. (c) A circle overlaps another…

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