Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 10, Problem 42CTQ
List the regulatory mechanisms that might be lost in a cell producing faulty p53.
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Name four downstream effects of p53 activation.
The p53 pathway is important for regulating the cell cycle. In a normal cell, there is a protein called mdm2 that can bind to p53 and deactivate it. A diseased individual has amutation in the gene that codes for mdm2, resulting in an mdm2 protein that is less able to bind to p53. Will this mutation increase, decrease, or cause no change in the rate of cell death? Explain.
Describe the effects of the mutation causing the p21 promoter to no longer bind p53 on cell signaling pathways and metabolism or cell cycle control.
Chapter 10 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 10 - Figure 10.6 Which of the following is the correct...Ch. 10 - Figure 10.13 Rb and other proteins that negatively...Ch. 10 - Figure 10.14 Human papillomavirus can cause...Ch. 10 - A diploid cell has ________ the number of...Ch. 10 - An organism s traits are determined by the...Ch. 10 - The first level of DNA organization in a...Ch. 10 - Identical copies of chromatin held together by...Ch. 10 - S. Chromosomes are duplicated during what stage of...Ch. 10 - Which of the following events does not occur...Ch. 10 - The mitotic spindles arise from which cell...
Ch. 10 - Attachment of the mitotic spindle fibers to the...Ch. 10 - Unpacking of chromosomes and the formation of a...Ch. 10 - Separation of the sister chromatids is a...Ch. 10 - The chromosomes become visible under a light...Ch. 10 - The fusing of Golgi vesicles at the metaplhase...Ch. 10 - At which of the cell-cycle checkpoints do external...Ch. 10 - What is the main prerequisite for clearance at the...Ch. 10 - If the M checkpoint is not cleared, what stage of...Ch. 10 - Which protein is a positive regulator that...Ch. 10 - Many of the negative regulator proteins of the...Ch. 10 - Which negative regulatory molecule can trigger...Ch. 10 - are changes to the order of nucleotides in a...Ch. 10 - A gene that codes for a positive cell-cycle...Ch. 10 - A mutated gene that codes for an altered version...Ch. 10 - Which molecule is a Cdk inhibitor that is...Ch. 10 - Which eukaryotic cell-cycle event is missing in...Ch. 10 - FtsZ proteins direct the formation of a...Ch. 10 - Compare and contrast a human somatic cell to a...Ch. 10 - What is the relationship between a genome,...Ch. 10 - Eukaryotic chromosomes are thousands of times...Ch. 10 - Briefly describe the events that occur in each...Ch. 10 - Chemotherapy drugs such as vincristine (derived...Ch. 10 - Describe the similarities and differences between...Ch. 10 - List some reasons why a cell that has just...Ch. 10 - What cell-cycle events will be affected in a cell...Ch. 10 - Describe the general conditions that must be met...Ch. 10 - Compare and contrast the roles of the positive...Ch. 10 - What steps are necessary for Cdk to become fully...Ch. 10 - Rb is a negative regulator that blocks the cell...Ch. 10 - Outline the steps that lead to a cell becoming...Ch. 10 - Explain the difference between a proto-oncogene...Ch. 10 - List the regulatory mechanisms that might be lost...Ch. 10 - ______ can trigger apoptosis if certain cell-cycle...Ch. 10 - Name the common components of eukaryotic cell...Ch. 10 - Describe how the duplicated bacterial chromosomes...
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- Identify and list the functions of the three general classes of proteins that control cell death.arrow_forwardExplain how epigenetic changes can contribute to tumorigenesis.arrow_forwardActivation of p53 during cellular stress will generally Select one: o a. Increase transcription of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and decrease the likelihood of apoptosis. o b. Decrease transcription of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and decrease the likelihood of apoptosis. o c. Increase transcription of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and increase the likelihood of apoptosis. o d. Decrease transcription of cyclin-dependent kinase inhibitors and increase the likelihood of apoptosis.arrow_forward
- After DNA damage (e.g. caused by X-ray exposure) in eukaryotic cells, the cell cycle can be arrested by the stabilisation of the protein which drives the transcription of the gene, whose protein product interacts with the G1/S-Cdk and S-Cdk complexes. O PDGF, acetyltransferase O phenylalanine hydraxylase, PDGF O p53, acetyltransferase O p53, p21 O p21. p53arrow_forwardMutations in p53 are commonly associated with malignant tumor formation. Do deleterious mutations in p53 usually lead to a loss of function or gain of function of the protein?arrow_forwardIndividuals with the hereditary disorder ataxia telangiectasia suffer from neurodegeneration, immunodeficiency, and an increased incidence of cancer. The genetic basis for ataxia telangiectasia is a loss-of-function mutation in the gene encoding ATM (ATM; ataxia telangiectasia mutated). Besides p53, what other substrate is phosphorylated by ATM? How does the phosphorylation of this substrate lead to inactivation of CDKs to enforce cell cycle arrest?arrow_forward
- Define Suppressor Mutations.arrow_forwardDescribe how Ras and p53 can alter the simplified genetic pathway controlling cell division shown below. For each of the two genes, would uncontrolled cell division result from a loss-of-function or a gain-of-function mutation? growth factors - receptors - cyclins - cyclin-dependent kinases - cell divisionarrow_forwardWhich of the following types of mutations would be most likely to cause cells to undergo apoptosis (programmed cell death)? One that increases the affinity of p21 for Cdks One that decreases the affinity of Rb for the transcription factor E2F One that decreases the ability of p53 to bind to DNA One that causes p53 to be constitutively phosphorylatedarrow_forward
- Match the following changes with the correct responses. (Some answers may be used more than once. Some answers may not be used.) Deacetylation of histones Methylation of cytosines a single nucleotide polymorphism, where adenine may be present instead of cytosine phosphorylation of cytosines is an epigenetic change that is an epigenetic change that [Choose ] is an epigenetic change that results in decreased gene transcription is not an epigenetic change ✓ is an epigenetic change that results in increased gene transcription is an epigenetic change that could either increase or decrease gene transcriptionarrow_forwardDescribe the ATM-p53 repair pathway in normal cells and cancerous cellsarrow_forwardThe p53 protein regulates the expression of BAX and Bcl2 to keep division at normal rate. Explain how is this achieved?arrow_forward
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