Biology 2e
2nd Edition
ISBN: 9781947172517
Author: Matthew Douglas, Jung Choi, Mary Ann Clark
Publisher: OpenStax
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Textbook Question
Chapter 10, Problem 22RQ
are changes to the order of
- Proto-oncogenes
- Tumor suppressor genes
- Gene mutations
- Negative regulators
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Students have asked these similar questions
Match each definition with the corresponding term concerning genes involved in tumor formation.
Proto-oncogenes
Oncogenes
Tumor suppressor genes
Haploinsufficiency
Answer Bank
a gene whose function drives uncontrolled cell division and tumorigenesis
a gene regulating cell division that can be mutated into a tumorigenic form
a gene that protects a cell from progressing toward cancer
a condition in which a single copy of a gene fails to produce enough gene product for normal function
Cancer is a genetic disease. To provide evidence that you understand cancer genes are altered in both sporadic (somatic) and inherited cancers, match the beginning and end of the sentences below to give correct statements.
"In the cellular regulatory pathways that control cell growth and proliferation, the products of oncogenes are stimulatory components and the products of tumor suppressor genes are inhibitory components" is true or false.
Chapter 10 Solutions
Biology 2e
Ch. 10 - Figure 10.6 Which of the following is the correct...Ch. 10 - Figure 10.13 Rb and other proteins that negatively...Ch. 10 - Figure 10.14 Human papillomavirus can cause...Ch. 10 - A diploid cell has ________ the number of...Ch. 10 - An organism s traits are determined by the...Ch. 10 - The first level of DNA organization in a...Ch. 10 - Identical copies of chromatin held together by...Ch. 10 - S. Chromosomes are duplicated during what stage of...Ch. 10 - Which of the following events does not occur...Ch. 10 - The mitotic spindles arise from which cell...
Ch. 10 - Attachment of the mitotic spindle fibers to the...Ch. 10 - Unpacking of chromosomes and the formation of a...Ch. 10 - Separation of the sister chromatids is a...Ch. 10 - The chromosomes become visible under a light...Ch. 10 - The fusing of Golgi vesicles at the metaplhase...Ch. 10 - At which of the cell-cycle checkpoints do external...Ch. 10 - What is the main prerequisite for clearance at the...Ch. 10 - If the M checkpoint is not cleared, what stage of...Ch. 10 - Which protein is a positive regulator that...Ch. 10 - Many of the negative regulator proteins of the...Ch. 10 - Which negative regulatory molecule can trigger...Ch. 10 - are changes to the order of nucleotides in a...Ch. 10 - A gene that codes for a positive cell-cycle...Ch. 10 - A mutated gene that codes for an altered version...Ch. 10 - Which molecule is a Cdk inhibitor that is...Ch. 10 - Which eukaryotic cell-cycle event is missing in...Ch. 10 - FtsZ proteins direct the formation of a...Ch. 10 - Compare and contrast a human somatic cell to a...Ch. 10 - What is the relationship between a genome,...Ch. 10 - Eukaryotic chromosomes are thousands of times...Ch. 10 - Briefly describe the events that occur in each...Ch. 10 - Chemotherapy drugs such as vincristine (derived...Ch. 10 - Describe the similarities and differences between...Ch. 10 - List some reasons why a cell that has just...Ch. 10 - What cell-cycle events will be affected in a cell...Ch. 10 - Describe the general conditions that must be met...Ch. 10 - Compare and contrast the roles of the positive...Ch. 10 - What steps are necessary for Cdk to become fully...Ch. 10 - Rb is a negative regulator that blocks the cell...Ch. 10 - Outline the steps that lead to a cell becoming...Ch. 10 - Explain the difference between a proto-oncogene...Ch. 10 - List the regulatory mechanisms that might be lost...Ch. 10 - ______ can trigger apoptosis if certain cell-cycle...Ch. 10 - Name the common components of eukaryotic cell...Ch. 10 - Describe how the duplicated bacterial chromosomes...
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- Benign tumors: a. are noncancerous growths that do not spread to other tissues b. do not contain mutations c. are malignant and clonal in origin d. metastasize to other tissues e. none of thesearrow_forward________ are changes to the nucleotides in a segment of DNA that codes for a protein. a. Proto-oncogenes b. Tumor suppressor genes c. Gene mutations d. Negative regulatorsarrow_forwardExplain the difference between a proto-oncogene and a tumor suppressor gene.arrow_forward
- Which of the following statements about cancer is false? (a) oncogenes arise from mutations in proto-oncogenes (b) tumor suppressor genes normally interact with growth-inhibiting factors to block cell division (c) more than 120 cancer-driving genes have been discovered (d) oncogenes were first discovered in mouse models for cancer (e) the development of cancer is usually a multistep process involving both oncogenes and mutated tumor suppressor genesarrow_forwardProducts of proto-oncogenes and tumor-suppressor genes can be growth factors and growth factor receptors signaling molecules like protein kinases proteins that control DNA repair transcription factors all of the abovearrow_forwardThe Bax gene, codes for a cytosolic protein that plays an important role in apoptosis. Growth factor withdrawal stimulates the pro-apoptotic protein Bax. Which of the following are true for the Bax gene? Select all that apply The Bax gene is a proto-oncogene The Bax gene is a tumor suppressor gene In cancer or transformed cells, the Bax gene mutation would be dominant, and a gain of function mutation In cancer or transformed cells, the Bax gene mutation would be recessive, and a loss of function mutationarrow_forward
- Compare and contrast oncogenes and tumor suppressors. Contrast oncogenes and proto-oncogenes. Describe the types of mutations that convert proto-oncogenes into oncogenes. Summarize some functions of common oncogenes in cell survival and uncontrolled growth. Contrast tumor suppressors to oncogenes. Describe the types of mutations in tumor suppressors that are found in common cancers. Summarize the functions of common tumor suppressors in cell survival and cell growth.arrow_forwardCancer is caused by many different types of gene mutations. Some mutations are in proto-oncogenes, which lead to overexpression of the genes, and other mutations are in tumor suppressor genes, which lead to under expression or no expression in these genes. Which kinds of gene mutations would RNA interference (RNAi) be better at treating? Explain.arrow_forwardWhich type of mutation would NOT be involved in the inactivation of a tumor suppressor gene? gain-of-function mutation in the tumar suppressor gene loss of a whole chromosome containing the tumor suppressor gene O silencing of the gene's activity by epigenetic changes chromosomal deletion of a region containing the tumor suppressor genearrow_forward
- Please Complete this table.arrow_forwardWhich of the following chromosomal changes would be LEAST likely to cause the development of cancer? a chromosomal deletion of a region containing the tumor suppressor gene duplication of a tumor suppressor gene a loss-of-function mutation in a tumor suppressor gene DNA methylation of the promoter of a tumor suppressor gene a mutation in a regulatory element that disrupts transcription of a tumor suppressor genearrow_forwardProtein N, normally inactivates a tumor suppressor protein. Consider a cell with a mutation in one allele such that protein N is nonfunctional, while the other allele of gene N is wild-type. Which of the following is true for this cell? Gene N is a tumor suppressor gene, and the phenotype of the cell is not transformed. Gene N is a proto-oncogene, and the phenotype of the cell is transformed. Gene N is a tumor suppressor gene, and the phenotype of the cell is transformed. Gene N is a proto-oncogene, and the phenotype of the cell is not transformed.arrow_forward
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