The better reducing agent ineach of the given pairs: NADH/H 2 O UQH 2 /FADH 2 Cyt c (reduced)/Cyt b (reduced) FADH 2 / NADH NADH/ FMNH 2 Introduction: Reduction is a process of the gain of H + (hydrogen ions) or the loss of O (oxygen), whileoxidation is a process of the gain of oxygen or the loss of hydrogen. Oxidizing agents add an oxygen to another substance or remove a hydrogen from a substance. Reducing agent, sn the other hand, either add a hydrogen or remove an oxygen from a compound.

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Answer 1

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The better reducing agent ineach of the given pairs:

NADH/H₂O

UQH₂/FADH₂

Cyt c (reduced)/Cyt b (reduced)

FADH₂/ NADH

NADH/ FMNH₂

Introduction:

Reduction is a process of the gain of H⁺ (hydrogen ions) or the loss of O (oxygen), whileoxidation is a process of the gain of oxygen or the loss of hydrogen. Oxidizing agents add an oxygen to another substance or remove a hydrogen from a substance. Reducing agent, sn the other hand, either add a hydrogen or remove an oxygen from a compound.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Better reducing agents out of the mentioned substances in the given pairs of compounds are discussed below:

NADH/H₂O: NADH (reduced Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)is a better reducing agent because water molecule is considered weak as both, oxidizing as well as reducing agent, as it can reduce only a limited number of substances, whereas NADH can reduce a variety of substances. Moreover, the redox potential of NADH is lower as compared to the water molecules.

UQH₂/FADH₂: UQH₂(Ubiquinol-10-reduced) is a better reducing agent because it can easily propagate electrons from complex I. Moreover, its redox potential is significantly lower than the FADH₂ moiety.

Cyt c (reduced)/Cyt b (reduced): Cyt b (Cytochrome b), in its reduced form, is a better reducing agent because it can easily liberate electrons to reduce cytochrome a and has a much lower reduction potential than Cyt c.

FADH₂/NADH: NADH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a better reducing agent than FADH2 (Flavin adenine dinucleotide) because of its lower reduction potential value and the ability to easily liberate electrons.

NADH/FMNH₂: FMNH₂ (flavin mononucleotide) is a better reducing agent than NADH ((Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) because of the fact that it can easily donate electrons and has a considerably lower reduction potential.

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that the ability to act as a reducing agent depends on the intricate reduction potential of a chemical species. In case a chemical species has a high reduction potential, it has a strong affinity for electrons, while a low reduction potential facilitates easy liberation of electrons. The liberated electrons can be used to reduce other molecules and therefore, a low reduction potential value confers higher reducing capabilities.

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Students have asked these similar questions

9. Which one of the compounds below is the major organic product obtained from the following reaction sequence, starting with ethyl acetoacetate? 요요. 1. NaOCH2CH3 CH3CH2OH 1. NaOH, H₂O 2. H3O+ 3. A OCH2CH3 2. ethyl acetoacetate ii A 3. H3O+ OH B C D E

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Answer 2

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The better reducing agent ineach of the given pairs:

NADH/H₂O

UQH₂/FADH₂

Cyt c (reduced)/Cyt b (reduced)

FADH₂/ NADH

NADH/ FMNH₂

Introduction:

Reduction is a process of the gain of H⁺ (hydrogen ions) or the loss of O (oxygen), whileoxidation is a process of the gain of oxygen or the loss of hydrogen. Oxidizing agents add an oxygen to another substance or remove a hydrogen from a substance. Reducing agent, sn the other hand, either add a hydrogen or remove an oxygen from a compound.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Better reducing agents out of the mentioned substances in the given pairs of compounds are discussed below:

NADH/H₂O: NADH (reduced Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)is a better reducing agent because water molecule is considered weak as both, oxidizing as well as reducing agent, as it can reduce only a limited number of substances, whereas NADH can reduce a variety of substances. Moreover, the redox potential of NADH is lower as compared to the water molecules.

UQH₂/FADH₂: UQH₂(Ubiquinol-10-reduced) is a better reducing agent because it can easily propagate electrons from complex I. Moreover, its redox potential is significantly lower than the FADH₂ moiety.

Cyt c (reduced)/Cyt b (reduced): Cyt b (Cytochrome b), in its reduced form, is a better reducing agent because it can easily liberate electrons to reduce cytochrome a and has a much lower reduction potential than Cyt c.

FADH₂/NADH: NADH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a better reducing agent than FADH2 (Flavin adenine dinucleotide) because of its lower reduction potential value and the ability to easily liberate electrons.

NADH/FMNH₂: FMNH₂ (flavin mononucleotide) is a better reducing agent than NADH ((Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) because of the fact that it can easily donate electrons and has a considerably lower reduction potential.

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that the ability to act as a reducing agent depends on the intricate reduction potential of a chemical species. In case a chemical species has a high reduction potential, it has a strong affinity for electrons, while a low reduction potential facilitates easy liberation of electrons. The liberated electrons can be used to reduce other molecules and therefore, a low reduction potential value confers higher reducing capabilities.

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Answer 3

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The better reducing agent ineach of the given pairs:

NADH/H₂O

UQH₂/FADH₂

Cyt c (reduced)/Cyt b (reduced)

FADH₂/ NADH

NADH/ FMNH₂

Introduction:

Reduction is a process of the gain of H⁺ (hydrogen ions) or the loss of O (oxygen), whileoxidation is a process of the gain of oxygen or the loss of hydrogen. Oxidizing agents add an oxygen to another substance or remove a hydrogen from a substance. Reducing agent, sn the other hand, either add a hydrogen or remove an oxygen from a compound.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Better reducing agents out of the mentioned substances in the given pairs of compounds are discussed below:

NADH/H₂O: NADH (reduced Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)is a better reducing agent because water molecule is considered weak as both, oxidizing as well as reducing agent, as it can reduce only a limited number of substances, whereas NADH can reduce a variety of substances. Moreover, the redox potential of NADH is lower as compared to the water molecules.

UQH₂/FADH₂: UQH₂(Ubiquinol-10-reduced) is a better reducing agent because it can easily propagate electrons from complex I. Moreover, its redox potential is significantly lower than the FADH₂ moiety.

Cyt c (reduced)/Cyt b (reduced): Cyt b (Cytochrome b), in its reduced form, is a better reducing agent because it can easily liberate electrons to reduce cytochrome a and has a much lower reduction potential than Cyt c.

FADH₂/NADH: NADH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a better reducing agent than FADH2 (Flavin adenine dinucleotide) because of its lower reduction potential value and the ability to easily liberate electrons.

NADH/FMNH₂: FMNH₂ (flavin mononucleotide) is a better reducing agent than NADH ((Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) because of the fact that it can easily donate electrons and has a considerably lower reduction potential.

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that the ability to act as a reducing agent depends on the intricate reduction potential of a chemical species. In case a chemical species has a high reduction potential, it has a strong affinity for electrons, while a low reduction potential facilitates easy liberation of electrons. The liberated electrons can be used to reduce other molecules and therefore, a low reduction potential value confers higher reducing capabilities.

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Answer 4

Question

Chapter 10, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The better reducing agent ineach of the given pairs:

NADH/H₂O

UQH₂/FADH₂

Cyt c (reduced)/Cyt b (reduced)

FADH₂/ NADH

NADH/ FMNH₂

Introduction:

Reduction is a process of the gain of H⁺ (hydrogen ions) or the loss of O (oxygen), whileoxidation is a process of the gain of oxygen or the loss of hydrogen. Oxidizing agents add an oxygen to another substance or remove a hydrogen from a substance. Reducing agent, sn the other hand, either add a hydrogen or remove an oxygen from a compound.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Better reducing agents out of the mentioned substances in the given pairs of compounds are discussed below:

NADH/H₂O: NADH (reduced Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)is a better reducing agent because water molecule is considered weak as both, oxidizing as well as reducing agent, as it can reduce only a limited number of substances, whereas NADH can reduce a variety of substances. Moreover, the redox potential of NADH is lower as compared to the water molecules.

UQH₂/FADH₂: UQH₂(Ubiquinol-10-reduced) is a better reducing agent because it can easily propagate electrons from complex I. Moreover, its redox potential is significantly lower than the FADH₂ moiety.

Cyt c (reduced)/Cyt b (reduced): Cyt b (Cytochrome b), in its reduced form, is a better reducing agent because it can easily liberate electrons to reduce cytochrome a and has a much lower reduction potential than Cyt c.

FADH₂/NADH: NADH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a better reducing agent than FADH2 (Flavin adenine dinucleotide) because of its lower reduction potential value and the ability to easily liberate electrons.

NADH/FMNH₂: FMNH₂ (flavin mononucleotide) is a better reducing agent than NADH ((Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) because of the fact that it can easily donate electrons and has a considerably lower reduction potential.

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that the ability to act as a reducing agent depends on the intricate reduction potential of a chemical species. In case a chemical species has a high reduction potential, it has a strong affinity for electrons, while a low reduction potential facilitates easy liberation of electrons. The liberated electrons can be used to reduce other molecules and therefore, a low reduction potential value confers higher reducing capabilities.

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Answer 5

Chapter 10, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The better reducing agent ineach of the given pairs:

NADH/H₂O

UQH₂/FADH₂

Cyt c (reduced)/Cyt b (reduced)

FADH₂/ NADH

NADH/ FMNH₂

Introduction:

Reduction is a process of the gain of H⁺ (hydrogen ions) or the loss of O (oxygen), whileoxidation is a process of the gain of oxygen or the loss of hydrogen. Oxidizing agents add an oxygen to another substance or remove a hydrogen from a substance. Reducing agent, sn the other hand, either add a hydrogen or remove an oxygen from a compound.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Better reducing agents out of the mentioned substances in the given pairs of compounds are discussed below:

NADH/H₂O: NADH (reduced Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)is a better reducing agent because water molecule is considered weak as both, oxidizing as well as reducing agent, as it can reduce only a limited number of substances, whereas NADH can reduce a variety of substances. Moreover, the redox potential of NADH is lower as compared to the water molecules.

UQH₂/FADH₂: UQH₂(Ubiquinol-10-reduced) is a better reducing agent because it can easily propagate electrons from complex I. Moreover, its redox potential is significantly lower than the FADH₂ moiety.

Cyt c (reduced)/Cyt b (reduced): Cyt b (Cytochrome b), in its reduced form, is a better reducing agent because it can easily liberate electrons to reduce cytochrome a and has a much lower reduction potential than Cyt c.

FADH₂/NADH: NADH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a better reducing agent than FADH2 (Flavin adenine dinucleotide) because of its lower reduction potential value and the ability to easily liberate electrons.

NADH/FMNH₂: FMNH₂ (flavin mononucleotide) is a better reducing agent than NADH ((Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) because of the fact that it can easily donate electrons and has a considerably lower reduction potential.

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that the ability to act as a reducing agent depends on the intricate reduction potential of a chemical species. In case a chemical species has a high reduction potential, it has a strong affinity for electrons, while a low reduction potential facilitates easy liberation of electrons. The liberated electrons can be used to reduce other molecules and therefore, a low reduction potential value confers higher reducing capabilities.

Answer 6

Chapter 10, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The better reducing agent ineach of the given pairs:

NADH/H₂O

UQH₂/FADH₂

Cyt c (reduced)/Cyt b (reduced)

FADH₂/ NADH

NADH/ FMNH₂

Introduction:

Reduction is a process of the gain of H⁺ (hydrogen ions) or the loss of O (oxygen), whileoxidation is a process of the gain of oxygen or the loss of hydrogen. Oxidizing agents add an oxygen to another substance or remove a hydrogen from a substance. Reducing agent, sn the other hand, either add a hydrogen or remove an oxygen from a compound.

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Better reducing agents out of the mentioned substances in the given pairs of compounds are discussed below:

NADH/H₂O: NADH (reduced Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)is a better reducing agent because water molecule is considered weak as both, oxidizing as well as reducing agent, as it can reduce only a limited number of substances, whereas NADH can reduce a variety of substances. Moreover, the redox potential of NADH is lower as compared to the water molecules.

UQH₂/FADH₂: UQH₂(Ubiquinol-10-reduced) is a better reducing agent because it can easily propagate electrons from complex I. Moreover, its redox potential is significantly lower than the FADH₂ moiety.

Cyt c (reduced)/Cyt b (reduced): Cyt b (Cytochrome b), in its reduced form, is a better reducing agent because it can easily liberate electrons to reduce cytochrome a and has a much lower reduction potential than Cyt c.

FADH₂/NADH: NADH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a better reducing agent than FADH2 (Flavin adenine dinucleotide) because of its lower reduction potential value and the ability to easily liberate electrons.

NADH/FMNH₂: FMNH₂ (flavin mononucleotide) is a better reducing agent than NADH ((Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) because of the fact that it can easily donate electrons and has a considerably lower reduction potential.

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that the ability to act as a reducing agent depends on the intricate reduction potential of a chemical species. In case a chemical species has a high reduction potential, it has a strong affinity for electrons, while a low reduction potential facilitates easy liberation of electrons. The liberated electrons can be used to reduce other molecules and therefore, a low reduction potential value confers higher reducing capabilities.

Answer 7

Chapter 10, Problem 1Q

Summary Introduction

To review:

The better reducing agent ineach of the given pairs:

NADH/H₂O

UQH₂/FADH₂

Cyt c (reduced)/Cyt b (reduced)

FADH₂/ NADH

NADH/ FMNH₂

Introduction:

Reduction is a process of the gain of H⁺ (hydrogen ions) or the loss of O (oxygen), whileoxidation is a process of the gain of oxygen or the loss of hydrogen. Oxidizing agents add an oxygen to another substance or remove a hydrogen from a substance. Reducing agent, sn the other hand, either add a hydrogen or remove an oxygen from a compound.

Answer 8

Expert Solution & Answer

Explanation of Solution

Better reducing agents out of the mentioned substances in the given pairs of compounds are discussed below:

NADH/H₂O: NADH (reduced Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide)is a better reducing agent because water molecule is considered weak as both, oxidizing as well as reducing agent, as it can reduce only a limited number of substances, whereas NADH can reduce a variety of substances. Moreover, the redox potential of NADH is lower as compared to the water molecules.

UQH₂/FADH₂: UQH₂(Ubiquinol-10-reduced) is a better reducing agent because it can easily propagate electrons from complex I. Moreover, its redox potential is significantly lower than the FADH₂ moiety.

Cyt c (reduced)/Cyt b (reduced): Cyt b (Cytochrome b), in its reduced form, is a better reducing agent because it can easily liberate electrons to reduce cytochrome a and has a much lower reduction potential than Cyt c.

FADH₂/NADH: NADH (Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) is a better reducing agent than FADH2 (Flavin adenine dinucleotide) because of its lower reduction potential value and the ability to easily liberate electrons.

NADH/FMNH₂: FMNH₂ (flavin mononucleotide) is a better reducing agent than NADH ((Nicotinamide adenine dinucleotide) because of the fact that it can easily donate electrons and has a considerably lower reduction potential.

Answer 9

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 10

Expert Solution & Answer

Answer 11

Conclusion

Therefore, it can be concluded that the ability to act as a reducing agent depends on the intricate reduction potential of a chemical species. In case a chemical species has a high reduction potential, it has a strong affinity for electrons, while a low reduction potential facilitates easy liberation of electrons. The liberated electrons can be used to reduce other molecules and therefore, a low reduction potential value confers higher reducing capabilities.

Answer 12

Ch. 10 - Prob. 1Q Ch. 10 - Prob. 2Q Ch. 10 - Prob. 3Q Ch. 10 - Prob. 4Q Ch. 10 - Prob. 5Q Ch. 10 - Prob. 6Q Ch. 10 - Prob. 7Q Ch. 10 - Prob. 8Q Ch. 10 - Prob. 1RQ Ch. 10 - Prob. 2RQ

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