Physics for Science and Engineering With Modern Physics, VI - Student Study Guide
4th Edition
ISBN: 9780132273244
Author: Doug Giancoli
Publisher: PEARSON
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Chapter 10, Problem 13P
(II) In traveling to the Moon, astronauts aboard the Apollo spacecraft put themselves into a slow rotation to distribute the Sun’s energy evenly. At the start of their trip, they accelerated from no rotation to 1.0 revolution every minute during a 12-min time interval. The spacecraft can be thought of as a cylinder with a diameter of 8.5 m. Determine (a) the
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A cylinder with a piston contains 0.153 mol of
nitrogen at a pressure of 1.83×105 Pa and a
temperature of 290 K. The nitrogen may be
treated as an ideal gas. The gas is first compressed
isobarically to half its original volume. It then
expands adiabatically back to its original volume,
and finally it is heated isochorically to its original
pressure.
Part A
Compute the temperature at the beginning of the adiabatic expansion.
Express your answer in kelvins.
ΕΠΙ ΑΣΦ
T₁ =
?
K
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Part B
Compute the temperature at the end of the adiabatic expansion.
Express your answer in kelvins.
Π ΑΣΦ
T₂ =
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Part C
Compute the minimum pressure.
Express your answer in pascals.
ΕΠΙ ΑΣΦ
P =
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?
?
K
Pa
Learning Goal:
To understand the meaning and the basic applications of
pV diagrams for an ideal gas.
As you know, the parameters of an ideal gas are
described by the equation
pV = nRT,
where p is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of
the gas, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas
constant, and T is the absolute temperature of the gas. It
follows that, for a portion of an ideal gas,
pV
= constant.
Τ
One can see that, if the amount of gas remains constant,
it is impossible to change just one parameter of the gas:
At least one more parameter would also change. For
instance, if the pressure of the gas is changed, we can
be sure that either the volume or the temperature of the
gas (or, maybe, both!) would also change.
To explore these changes, it is often convenient to draw a
graph showing one parameter as a function of the other.
Although there are many choices of axes, the most
common one is a plot of pressure as a function of
volume: a pV diagram.
In this problem, you…
Learning Goal:
To understand the meaning and the basic applications of
pV diagrams for an ideal gas.
As you know, the parameters of an ideal gas are
described by the equation
pV = nRT,
where p is the pressure of the gas, V is the volume of
the gas, n is the number of moles, R is the universal gas
constant, and T is the absolute temperature of the gas. It
follows that, for a portion of an ideal gas,
pV
= constant.
T
One can see that, if the amount of gas remains constant,
it is impossible to change just one parameter of the gas:
At least one more parameter would also change. For
instance, if the pressure of the gas is changed, we can
be sure that either the volume or the temperature of the
gas (or, maybe, both!) would also change.
To explore these changes, it is often convenient to draw a
graph showing one parameter as a function of the other.
Although there are many choices of axes, the most
common one is a plot of pressure as a function of
volume: a pV diagram.
In this problem, you…
Chapter 10 Solutions
Physics for Science and Engineering With Modern Physics, VI - Student Study Guide
Ch. 10.1 - In Example 103, we found that the carousel, after...Ch. 10.4 - Two forces (FB = 20 N and FA = 30 N) are applied...Ch. 10.7 - In Figs. 1020f and g, the moments of inertia for a...Ch. 10.8 - Estimate the energy stored in the rotational...Ch. 10.9 - Return to the Chapter-Opening Question, p. 248,...Ch. 10.9 - Find the acceleration a of a yo-yo whose spindle...Ch. 10 - A bicycle odometer (which counts revolutions and...Ch. 10 - Suppose a disk rotates at constant angular...Ch. 10 - Could a nonrigid object be described by a single...Ch. 10 - Can a small force ever exert a greater torque than...
Ch. 10 - Why is it more difficult to do a sit-up with your...Ch. 10 - Mammals that depend on being able to run fast have...Ch. 10 - If the net force on a system is zero, is the net...Ch. 10 - Two inclines have the same height but make...Ch. 10 - Two spheres look identical and have the same mass....Ch. 10 - Two solid spheres simultaneously start rolling...Ch. 10 - Why do tightrope walkers (Fig. 1043) carry a long,...Ch. 10 - A sphere and a cylinder have the same radius and...Ch. 10 - The moment of inertia of this textbook would be...Ch. 10 - The moment of inertia of a rotating solid disk...Ch. 10 - Prob. 15QCh. 10 - (I) Express the following angles in radians: (a)...Ch. 10 - Prob. 2PCh. 10 - Prob. 3PCh. 10 - (I) The blades in a blender rotate at a rate of...Ch. 10 - (II) (a) A grinding wheel 0.35 m in diameter...Ch. 10 - (II) A bicycle with tires 68 cm in diameter...Ch. 10 - (II) Calculate the angular velocity of (a) the...Ch. 10 - (II) A rotating merry-go-round makes one complete...Ch. 10 - (II) What is the linear speed of a point (a) on...Ch. 10 - (II) Calculate the angular velocity of the Earth...Ch. 10 - Prob. 11PCh. 10 - (II) A 64-cm-diameter wheel accelerates uniformly...Ch. 10 - (II) In traveling to the Moon, astronauts aboard...Ch. 10 - (II) A turntable of radius R1 is turned by a...Ch. 10 - (II) The axle of a wheel is mounted on supports...Ch. 10 - (I) An automobile engine slows down from 3500 rpm...Ch. 10 - (I) A centrifuge accelerates uniformly front rest...Ch. 10 - (I) Pilots can be tested for the stresses of...Ch. 10 - (II) A cooling fan is turned off when it is...Ch. 10 - (II) Using calculus, derive the angular kinematic...Ch. 10 - (II) A small rubber wheel is used to drive a large...Ch. 10 - (II) The angle through which a rotating wheel has...Ch. 10 - (II) The angular acceleration of a wheel, as a...Ch. 10 - (I) A 62-kg person riding a bike puts all her...Ch. 10 - (I) Calculate the net torque about the axle of the...Ch. 10 - (II) A person exerts a horizontal force of 32 N on...Ch. 10 - (II) Two blocks, each of mass m, are attached to...Ch. 10 - (II) A wheel of diameter 27.0 cm is constrained to...Ch. 10 - (II) The bolts on the cylinder head of an engine...Ch. 10 - (II) Determine the net torque on the 2.0-m-long...Ch. 10 - (I) Determine the moment of inertia of a 10.8-kg...Ch. 10 - (I) Estimate the moment of inertia of a bicycle...Ch. 10 - (II) A potter is shaping a bowl on a potters wheel...Ch. 10 - (II) An oxygen molecule consists of two oxygen...Ch. 10 - (II) A softball player swings a bat, accelerating...Ch. 10 - (II) A grinding wheel is a uniform cylinder with a...Ch. 10 - (II) A small 650-g ball on the end of a thin,...Ch. 10 - (II) The forearm in Fig. 1052 accelerates a 3.6-kg...Ch. 10 - (II) Assume that a 1.00-kg ball is thrown solely...Ch. 10 - (II) Calculate the moment of inertia of the array...Ch. 10 - (II) A merry-go-round accelerates from rest to...Ch. 10 - (II) A 0.72-m-diameter solid sphere can be rotated...Ch. 10 - (II) Suppose the force FT in the cord hanging from...Ch. 10 - (II) A dad pushes tangentially on a small...Ch. 10 - Prob. 45PCh. 10 - (II) Two blocks are connected by a light string...Ch. 10 - (II) A helicopter rotor blade can be considered a...Ch. 10 - (II) A centrifuge rotor rotating at 10,300 rpm is...Ch. 10 - (II) When discussing moments of inertia,...Ch. 10 - Prob. 50PCh. 10 - (III) An Atwoods machine consists of two masses,...Ch. 10 - (III) A string passing over a pulley has a 3.80-kg...Ch. 10 - (III) A hammer thrower accelerates the hammer...Ch. 10 - (III) A thin rod of length l stands vertically on...Ch. 10 - (I) Use the parallel-axis theorem to show that the...Ch. 10 - (II) Determine the moment of inertia of a 19-kg...Ch. 10 - (II) Two uniform solid spheres of mass M and...Ch. 10 - (II) A ball of mass M and radius r1 on the end of...Ch. 10 - (II) A thin 7.0-kg wheel of radius 32 cm is...Ch. 10 - (III) Derive the formula for the moment of inertia...Ch. 10 - (III) (a) Derive the formula given in Fig. 1020h...Ch. 10 - (I) An automobile engine develops a torque of 255m...Ch. 10 - (I) A centrifuge rotor has a moment of inertia of...Ch. 10 - (II) A rotating uniform cylindrical platform of...Ch. 10 - (II) A merry-go-round has a mass of 1640 kg and a...Ch. 10 - (II) A Uniform thin rod of length l and mass M is...Ch. 10 - (II) Two masses, mA = 35.0 kg and mB = 38.0 kg,...Ch. 10 - (III) A 4.00-kg mass and a 3.00-kg mass are...Ch. 10 - (III) A 2.30-m-long pole is balanced vertically on...Ch. 10 - (I) Calculate the translational speed of a...Ch. 10 - (I) A bowling ball of mass 7.3kg and radius 9.0 cm...Ch. 10 - (I) Estimate the kinetic energy of the Earth with...Ch. 10 - (II) A sphere of radius r0 = 24.5 cm and mass m =...Ch. 10 - (II) A narrow but solid spool of thread has radius...Ch. 10 - (II) A ball of radius r0 rolls on the inside of a...Ch. 10 - (II) A solid rubber ball rests on the floor of a...Ch. 10 - (II) A thin, hollow 0.545-kg section of pipe of...Ch. 10 - (II) In Example 1020, (a) how far has the ball...Ch. 10 - (III) The 1100-kg mass of a car includes four...Ch. 10 - (III) A wheel with rotational inertia I=12MR2...Ch. 10 - (III) A small sphere of radius r0 = 1.5 cm rolls...Ch. 10 - (I) A rolling hall slows down because the normal...Ch. 10 - A large spool of rope rolls on the ground with the...Ch. 10 - On a 12.0-cm-diameter audio compact disc (CD),...Ch. 10 - (a) A yo-yo is made of two solid cylindrical...Ch. 10 - A cyclist accelerates from rest at a rate of l.00...Ch. 10 - Suppose David puts a 0.50-kg rock into a sling of...Ch. 10 - A 1.4-kg grindstone in the shape of a uniform...Ch. 10 - Bicycle gears: (a) How is the angular velocity R...Ch. 10 - Figure 1065 illustrates an H2O molecule. The O H...Ch. 10 - One possibility for a low-pollution automobile is...Ch. 10 - A hollow cylinder (hoop) is rolling on a...Ch. 10 - Prob. 93GPCh. 10 - A marble of mass m and radius r rolls along the...Ch. 10 - The density (mass per unit length) of a thin rod...Ch. 10 - If a billiard ball is hit in just the right way by...Ch. 10 - If the coefficient of static friction between...Ch. 10 - A cord connected at one end to a block which can...Ch. 10 - The radius of the roll of paper shown in Fig. 1070...Ch. 10 - A solid uniform disk of mass 21.0 kg and radius...Ch. 10 - When bicycle and motorcycle riders pop a wheelie,...Ch. 10 - A crucial part of a piece of machinery starts as a...Ch. 10 - A thin uniform stick of mass M and length l is...Ch. 10 - (a) For the yo-yo-like cylinder of Example 1019,...Ch. 10 - (II) Determine the torque produced about the...Ch. 10 - (II) Use the expression that was derived in...
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