Chapter 10, Problem 10.70QP

Interpretation Introduction

Interpretation:

Name of all the straight chain isomers of ${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_{\text{9}}\text{Br}$ and ${\text{C}}_{\text{4}}{\text{H}}_{\text{8}}{\text{Br}}_{\text{2}}$ has to be given.

Concept Introduction:

A common nomenclature of naming organic compounds has been developed by IUPAC.  By usage of this nomenclature or rules, memorizing of names of organic compounds is not necessary.

IUPAC rules for naming alkanes:

There are about five rules that has to be followed for naming an alkane and they are,

• The longest continuous carbon chain in the compound has to be identified.  This is known as parent compound.  From this the parent name is obtained.  Suffix “–ane” (for alkane) is added at the end of the prefix which gives information about the number of carbon atoms.
• Numbering has to be done so that the lowest number is given to the first group that is encountered in the parent chain.
• Naming and numbering has to be given for each atom or group that is attached to the parent chain.  Numbering has to be done in a way that substituents get the least numbering.
• If the same substitution is present in the parent chain more than once, a separate prefix is added which tells about the number of times the substituent occurs.  Prefixes used are di-, tri-, tetra-, penta- etc.
• Name of the substituents has to be placed in an alphabetical order before the parent compound name.