Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis of Life
6th Edition
ISBN: 9780190209896
Author: Trudy McKee, James R. McKee
Publisher: Oxford University Press
expand_more
expand_more
format_list_bulleted
Concept explainers
Question
Chapter 1, Problem 72TQ
Summary Introduction
To review:
The features of living organisms illustrated by the process of development of multidrug resistance in the cancerous cells.
Introduction:
Cancer cells have the ability to remain undifferentiated and cause damageto the nearby cells. The treatment involves the use of toxic drugs to kill them. Some initial shrinkage of the tumor is seen but the cancerous property in the cells returns. This is because the cells develop resistance against the drugs. Tumor cellsuse several mechanisms to make the drug ineffective.
Expert Solution & Answer
Want to see the full answer?
Check out a sample textbook solution
Students have asked these similar questions
please answer all parts with good explanation and clear answer
Tumors require a network of blood vessels who growth is triggered by an increased production of __________________ activators.
Proteins that actively protect cells from progressing toward cancer are called _____________.
Chapter 1 Solutions
Biochemistry: The Molecular Basis of Life
Ch. 1 - Prob. 1RQCh. 1 - Prob. 2RQCh. 1 - Prob. 3RQCh. 1 - Prob. 4RQCh. 1 - Prob. 5RQCh. 1 - Prob. 6RQCh. 1 - Prob. 7RQCh. 1 - Prob. 8RQCh. 1 - Prob. 9RQCh. 1 - Prob. 10RQ
Ch. 1 - Prob. 11RQCh. 1 - Prob. 12RQCh. 1 - Prob. 13RQCh. 1 - Prob. 14RQCh. 1 - Prob. 15RQCh. 1 - Prob. 16RQCh. 1 - Prob. 17RQCh. 1 - Prob. 18RQCh. 1 - Prob. 19RQCh. 1 - Prob. 20RQCh. 1 - Prob. 21RQCh. 1 - Prob. 22RQCh. 1 - Prob. 23RQCh. 1 - Prob. 24RQCh. 1 - Prob. 25RQCh. 1 - Prob. 26RQCh. 1 - Prob. 27RQCh. 1 - Prob. 28RQCh. 1 - Prob. 29RQCh. 1 - Prob. 30RQCh. 1 - Prob. 31RQCh. 1 - Prob. 32RQCh. 1 - Prob. 33RQCh. 1 - Prob. 34RQCh. 1 - Prob. 35RQCh. 1 - Prob. 36RQCh. 1 - Prob. 37RQCh. 1 - Prob. 38RQCh. 1 - Prob. 39RQCh. 1 - Prob. 40RQCh. 1 - Prob. 41RQCh. 1 - Prob. 42RQCh. 1 - Prob. 43RQCh. 1 - Prob. 44RQCh. 1 - Prob. 45RQCh. 1 - Prob. 46RQCh. 1 - Prob. 47RQCh. 1 - Prob. 48FBCh. 1 - Prob. 49FBCh. 1 - Prob. 50FBCh. 1 - Prob. 51FBCh. 1 - Prob. 52FBCh. 1 - Prob. 53FBCh. 1 - Prob. 54FBCh. 1 - Prob. 55FBCh. 1 - Prob. 56FBCh. 1 - Prob. 57FBCh. 1 - Prob. 58SACh. 1 - Prob. 59SACh. 1 - Prob. 60SACh. 1 - Prob. 61SACh. 1 - Prob. 62SACh. 1 - Prob. 63TQCh. 1 - Prob. 64TQCh. 1 - Prob. 65TQCh. 1 - Prob. 66TQCh. 1 - Prob. 67TQCh. 1 - Prob. 68TQCh. 1 - Prob. 69TQCh. 1 - Prob. 70TQCh. 1 - Prob. 71TQCh. 1 - Prob. 72TQCh. 1 - Prob. 73TQ
Knowledge Booster
Learn more about
Need a deep-dive on the concept behind this application? Look no further. Learn more about this topic, biochemistry and related others by exploring similar questions and additional content below.Similar questions
- QUESTION NO. 1 Cystic fibrosis is a frequent generic disease of Caucasians. The CF gene codes for a protein called the cystic fibrosis transmembrane conductance regulator (CFTR) which functions as a cAMP-regulated chloride channel. The protein has two membrane-spanning domains, two domains that interact with ATP, and one regulatory domain. The most common defect is in the gene for one of the ATP binding domains. The result is a protein that does not fold correctly in the endoplasmic reticulum, is not properly glycosylated, and is nor transported to the cell surface. Rather, it is degraded in the cytosol within proteasomes. Drugs that foster chaperone interaction with the mutant protein are a potential therapeutic approach. Chaperones A. are always required to direct the folding of proteins. B. when bound to protein increase the rate of protein degradation. C. usually bind to strongly hydrophilic regions of unfolded proteins. D. sometimes maintain proteins in an…arrow_forwardThe purpose of mitosis in human cells is for the production of two diploid, _________________ cells.arrow_forwardIf production of the protein tubulin was inhibited, cells would not be able to make _________________ preventing the movment of chromsomes and cell division.arrow_forward
- QUESTION NO. 1 Much of procollagen formation occurs in the endoplasmic reticulum and Golgi apparatus which requires signal peptide. All of the following statements about targeting a protein for the ER are true except A. signal peptide usually has a positively charged N-terminus and a stretch of hydrophobic amino acids. B. signal peptide emerging from a free ribosome binds signal recognition particle (SRP). C. signal peptide is usually cleaved from the protein before the protein is inserted into the ER membrane. D. docking protein is actually an SRP receptor and serves to bind the SRP to the ER. E. SRP and docking protein do not enter the ER lumen but are recycledQUESTION NO. 2 All of the following statements about telomerase are correct except A. the RNA component acts as a template for the synthesis of a segment of DNA. B. it adds telomeric repeats to the 5'-ends of the DNA strands. C. it provides a mechanism for replicating the ends of linear…arrow_forwardQuestion 16: One of the two genes known to be mutated in cases of Hypokalemic periodic paralysis (which is inherited in an autosomal dominant pattern but known to affect males more often than females) is the calcium voltage-gated channel subunit alpha1 S (CACNA1S). What is known about the gene is recorded here: https://www.ensembl.org/Homo_sapiens/Gene/Summary?db=core;g=ENSG00000081248;r=1:201039512-201112451 Please navigate to the link above and use the information and link-outs from the page to answer the following question. GIVE YOUR ANSWER AS A NUMBER ONLY, NO UNITS: What is the size in amino acid residues of the CACNA1S transcript named CACNA1S-202?arrow_forwardQuestion 3. Eukaryote cells are living cells that are specialized to deal with changes in the external environment. A. Describe how the processes of Phagocytosis exhibited by the Amoeba represent a cell responding to a change in the environment. B. How is the process you described in "A" similar to the way the White Blood Cell (WBC) might react to a bacterium or a virus that invades the tissues of a human being.arrow_forward
- QUESTION NO. 1 Fragile X syndrome is a common form of inherited mental retardation. The mutation in the disease allows the increase of a CGG repeat in a particular gene from a normal of about 30 repeats to 200-1000 repeats. This repeat is normally found in the 5' untranslated region of a gene for the protein FMR1. FMR1 might be involved in the translation of brain-specific mRNAs during brain development. The consequence of the very large number of CGG repeats in the DNA is extensive methylation of the entire promoter region of the FMR1 gene. Methylation of bases in DNA usually A. facilitates the binding of transcription factors to the DNA. B. makes a difference in activity only if it occurs in an enhancer region. C. prevents chromatin from unwinding. D. inactivates DNA for transcription. E. results in increased production of the produce of whatever gene is methylated.QUESTION NO. 2 The best definition of an endonuclease is that it hydrolyzes A. nucleotide from…arrow_forwardQUESTION NO. 1 Patients with the rare genetic disease xeroderma pigmentosum (XP) are very sensitive to light and are highly susceptible to skin cancers. The study of such patients has enhanced our knowledge of DNA repair because XP is caused by defective DNA repair nucleotide excision repair. (A variant, XP-V, is deficient in postreplication repair.) In nucleotide excision repair A. removal of the damaged bases occurs on only one strand of the DNA. B. only thymine dimers generated by UV light can be removed . C. the excision nuclease is an exonuclease. D. a single multifunctional enzyme carries out the repair process. E. only the damaged nucleotides are removed. QUESTION NO.2 Homologous recombination: A. occurs only between two segments from the same DNA molecule. B. requires that a specific DNA sequence be present. C. requires one of the duplexes undergoing recombination be nicked in both strands. D. involves a…arrow_forwardQuestion 1 The fungus Melampsora lini causes a disease known as flax rust. Different strains of M. lini cause varying degrees of the disease. Conversely, different strains of flax are resistant or sensitive to the various varieties of the fungus. The Bombay variety of flax is resistant to M. lini strain 22 but sensitive to M. lini strain 24. A strain of flax called 770B is just the opposite; it is resistant to strain 24 but sensitive to strain 22. When 770B was crossed to Bombay, all F1 individuals were resistant to both strain 22 and strain 24. When F1 individuals were self-fertilized, the following data were obtained: 43 resistant to strain 22 but sensitive to strain 24 9 sensitive to strain 22 and strain 24 32 sensitive to strain 22 but resistant to strain 24 110 resistant to strain 22 and strain 24 Explain the inheritance pattern for flax resistance and sensitivity to M. lini strains. Question 2 Describe the significance of nonparentals with regard to the law of independent…arrow_forward
- QUESTION 8 In the Results section of the paper, the authors' write: "Previous publications have shown that EGFR mutations are rare in human soft tissue sarcomas; therefore, activation of EGFR in studied specimens was possibly the result of appropriate ligand binding. To confirm this hypothesis, we analyzed the expression of EGF and TGF-alpha, the ligands for the EGFR. In the tumor microenvironment, EGFR ligands can be secreted both by tumor cells as well as by tumor-associated macrophages and fibroblasts." In the statement above, what text best refers to paracrine signaling? "EGFR mutations" O "EGFR ligands can be secreted both by tumor cells" "as well as by tumor-associated macrophages and fibroblasts" "appropriate ligand binding" QUESTION 9 For the following questions, refer to the PDF handout “EGFR mutations". This handout is from the company ATCC; they sell cancer cells to researchers for experiments. This page is titled "EGFR GENETIC ALTERATION PANEL. The first paragraph mentions…arrow_forwardQuestion 47 What is a major clinical ADVANTAGE of an allogeneic (non-self donor) versus an autologous (self donor) stem cell transplantation, when considering the treatment of patients with blood-based cancers? o There is less risk for the development of graft-versus-host disease. o Ciclosporin (immunosuppressant) can be reduced more quickly after autologous transplants. o There is a higher chance of achieving a curative cancer outcome due to a lower risk of original cancer disease relapse. o Stem cells are collected after chemotherapy and so there is less contamination by tumor cells. o Extensive HLA cross-matching is required.arrow_forwardQuestion 17 The genetic code in unambigous that means many codons can code for the same amino acids. A True B) Falsearrow_forward
arrow_back_ios
SEE MORE QUESTIONS
arrow_forward_ios
Recommended textbooks for you
BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781319114671Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.Publisher:W. H. Freeman
Lehninger Principles of BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781464126116Author:David L. Nelson, Michael M. CoxPublisher:W. H. Freeman
Fundamentals of Biochemistry: Life at the Molecul...BiochemistryISBN:9781118918401Author:Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet, Charlotte W. PrattPublisher:WILEY
BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305961135Author:Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougalPublisher:Cengage Learning
BiochemistryBiochemistryISBN:9781305577206Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. GrishamPublisher:Cengage Learning
Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ...BiochemistryISBN:9780134015187Author:John E. McMurry, David S. Ballantine, Carl A. Hoeger, Virginia E. PetersonPublisher:PEARSON
Biochemistry
Biochemistry
ISBN:9781319114671
Author:Lubert Stryer, Jeremy M. Berg, John L. Tymoczko, Gregory J. Gatto Jr.
Publisher:W. H. Freeman
Lehninger Principles of Biochemistry
Biochemistry
ISBN:9781464126116
Author:David L. Nelson, Michael M. Cox
Publisher:W. H. Freeman
Fundamentals of Biochemistry: Life at the Molecul...
Biochemistry
ISBN:9781118918401
Author:Donald Voet, Judith G. Voet, Charlotte W. Pratt
Publisher:WILEY
Biochemistry
Biochemistry
ISBN:9781305961135
Author:Mary K. Campbell, Shawn O. Farrell, Owen M. McDougal
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Biochemistry
Biochemistry
ISBN:9781305577206
Author:Reginald H. Garrett, Charles M. Grisham
Publisher:Cengage Learning
Fundamentals of General, Organic, and Biological ...
Biochemistry
ISBN:9780134015187
Author:John E. McMurry, David S. Ballantine, Carl A. Hoeger, Virginia E. Peterson
Publisher:PEARSON