Concept explainers
Each of the following statements is true, but Dalton might have had trouble explaining some of them with his atomic theory. Give explanations for the following statements.
a. The space-filling models for ethyl alcohol and dimethyl
These two compounds have the same composition by mass (52% carbon, 13% hydrogen, and 35% oxygen), yet the two have different melting points, boiling points, and solubilities in water.
b. Burning wood leaves an ash that is only a small fraction of the mass of the original wood.
c. Atoms can be broken down into smaller particles.
d. One sample of lithium hydride is 87.4% lithium by mass, while another sample of lithium hydride is 74.9% lithium by mass. However, the two samples have the same chemical properties.
Trending nowThis is a popular solution!
Chapter 1 Solutions
Chemistry: An Atoms First Approach
- These questions concern the work of J. J. Thomson: From Thomson’s work, which particles do you think he would feel are most important in the formation of compounds (chemical changes) and why? Of the remaining two subatomic particles, which do you place second in importance for forming compounds and why? Come up with three models that explain Thomson’s findings and evaluate them. To be complete you should include Thomson’s findings.arrow_forwardThe element silver (Ag) has two naturally occurring isotopes: 109 Ag and 107Ag with a mass of 106.905 u. Silver consists of 51.82% 107Ag and has an average atomic mass of 107.868 u. Calculate the mass of 109Ag.arrow_forwardThe element europium exists in nature as two isotopes: 151Eu has a mass of 150.9196 u and 153Eu has a mass of 152.9209 u. The average atomic mass of europium is 151.96 u. Calculate the relative abundance of the two europium isotopes.arrow_forward
- Copper atoms. (a) What is the average mass of one copper atom? (b) Students in a college computer science class once sued the college because they were asked to calculate the cost of one atom and could not do it. But you are in a chemistry course, and you can do this. (See E. Felsenthal, Wall Street Journal, May 9, 1995.) If the cost of 2.0-mm diameter copper wire (99.9995% pure] is currently 41.70 for 7.0 g, what is the cost of one copper atom?arrow_forwardThese questions concern the work of J. J. Thomson. a. From Thomsons work, which particles do you think he would feel are most important for the formation of compounds (chemical changes) and why? b. Of the remaining two subatomic particles, which do you place second in importance for forming compounds and why? c. Propose three models that explain Thomsons findings and evaluate them. To be complete you should include Thomsons findings.arrow_forwardThere are 1.699 1022 atoms in 1.000 g of chlorine. Assume that chlorine atoms are spheres of radius 0.99 and that they are lined up side by side in a 0.5-g sample. How many miles in length is the line of chlorine atoms in the sample?arrow_forward
- Constant Composition of Compounds Two samples of sugar are decomposed into their constituent elements. One sample of sugar produces 18.0 g carbon, 3.0 g hydrogen, and 24.0 g oxygen; the other sample produces 24.0 g carbon, 4.0 g hydrogen, and 32.0 g oxygen. Find the ratio of carbon to hydrogen and the ratio of oxygen to hydrogen for each of the samples, and show they are consistent with the law of constant composition.arrow_forwardThe average atomic masses of some elements may vary, depending upon the sources of their ores. Naturally occurring boron consists of two isotopes with accurately known masses ( 10B, 10.0129 amu and 11B, 11.0931 amu). The actual atomic mass of boron can vary from 10.807 to 10.8 19, depending on whether the mineral source is from Turkey or the United States. Calculate the percent abundances leading to the two values of the average atomic masses of boron from these two countries.arrow_forwardConsider the following data for three binary compounds of hydrogen and nitrogen: %H (by Mass) %N (by Mass) I 17.75 82.25 II 12.58 87.42 III 2.34 97.66 When 1.00 L of each gaseous compound is decomposed to its elements, the following volumes of H2(g) and N2(g) are obtained: H2(L) N2(L) I 1.50 0.50 II 2.00 1.00 III 0.50 1.50 Use these data to determine the molecular formulas of compounds I, II, and III and to determine the relative values for the atomic masses of hydrogen and nitrogen.arrow_forward
- In Section 1.1 of the text, the concept of a chemical reaction was introduced with the example of the decomposition of water, represented as follows: Use ideas from Dalton's atomic theory to explain how the above representation illustrates the law of conservation of mass.arrow_forwardThere are 2.619 1022 atoms in 1.000 g of sodium. Assume that sodium atoms are spheres of radius 1.86 and that they are lined up side by side. How many miles in length is the line of sodium atoms?arrow_forward2.41 How does the periodic table help to make the study of chemistry more systematic?arrow_forward
- ChemistryChemistryISBN:9781305957404Author:Steven S. Zumdahl, Susan A. Zumdahl, Donald J. DeCostePublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry by OpenStax (2015-05-04)ChemistryISBN:9781938168390Author:Klaus Theopold, Richard H Langley, Paul Flowers, William R. Robinson, Mark BlaserPublisher:OpenStax
- Chemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781337399074Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage LearningChemistry & Chemical ReactivityChemistryISBN:9781133949640Author:John C. Kotz, Paul M. Treichel, John Townsend, David TreichelPublisher:Cengage Learning